正文 5张良刺秦(第3页/共3页)
是楚国大将项燕的小儿子,项羽的父亲排行老大,项梁排行老二,老三就是项伯。项伯这个人也是游侠一类的人物,年轻时喜欢行侠仗义,曾经因为杀人藏匿在下邳,受到张良的庇护,于是结为兄弟。张良在博浪沙狙击秦始皇没有成功,所以跑到下邳,项伯便留张良居住,两位出身贵族的公子哥儿意气相投互相保护,也为后来项伯救刘邦埋下了伏笔。
起初风声尚紧,过了一时渐渐平静。张良旅居无事郁郁不乐,时常出外散步。
一日偶然闲游,到一桥头。士人呼桥为“圮”,后人因称此处为“圮上”。张良独自一人立在桥边,十分无聊。举头看见前面来一老人,须眉皓白,身穿灰色宽大之衣,手持藜杖,足着赤履,徐徐行来。将近张良身边,竟将足上所穿一履坠落到桥下去。那老人瞧了张良一眼说道:“孺子,汝可为我下去取履么?”
张良国亡家破,满腔冤愤,正在无可发泄。忽闻老人之言,心中错愕,觉得此人陌路相逢,素不认识,竟敢如此无礼!一时怒从心起,即欲动手将他殴打。蓦然转念:“他是老人,我若打他,于理不顺。”立即住手,正要走开,又想:“老人精力已衰,自己不能下桥拾取,失却一履如何走路?我今遇见何妨行个方便。”于是依言前往桥下取履,却见此履坠在桥柱之旁。张良蹑足下去取履到手,回身走上桥来。方欲交与老人,又听老人说道:“可将履与我着上?”张良心想既已替他取履,索性人情做到底,便跪下去,一手捧住老人之足,一手将履套上,极其恭谨。老人行不数步,又将履溺于泥中,又令张良去取,张良略无异色,又取而进之。如此者三次。老人向张良点首道:“孺子尚可教训!由今日起算至第五日,平明时候,汝可来此地与我相会。”张良听了,知他必有道理。遂恭恭敬敬跪下,应声曰:“诺”。
到了第五日,张良一早起来,依着老人言语行至其地。
却见老人早已在彼等候。一见张良来迟便怒道:“汝与老人约会,何以后至?”张良被责也不言语。少停老人又道:“如今仍旧回去,再过五日定要早来。”张良依言回去。又过五日,张良一闻鸡鸣立往其地。谁知老人又已先在。复责张良来迟,再约五日后相会。张良两次约会都被老人占先,心中甚是过意不去。到第三次未及夜半,便前往其地等候。片刻老人方至,他见张良此次果然早来,心中欢喜,说道:“正该如此。”乃向袖中取出一书付与张良。嘱道:“汝读此书便可为王者之师。过后十年功成名就。后十三年,汝至济北谷城山下,见有黄石即我是也。”老人言毕便去。
张良将老人所授之书携归寓中。披开一阅,原来是《太公兵法》,惊喜异常,无事时便将此书熟读。后来佐汉高祖平定天下,都得力于此书。过了十年,张良竟得封侯。又过三年,张良随高祖行经济北谷城山下,果见黄石,张良取归,当作老人香火供奉。及张良死后,将黄石一并埋在墓内。后代子孙每值春秋扫墓,年节祭祖,一体祭祀黄石。因此后人呼老人为“黄石公”,此是后话。
当日张良住在下邳,地方情形渐渐熟识。又读得《太公兵法》,学问阅历都有长进,比前不同。不过复仇之心并未改变。他生就一种侠性,最好扶危济困。遂结识当地一班少年豪杰,专替人抱不平。后来交游既多,声气广通,凡有急难之人都来投奔。
从此张良便在下邳收召党羽,暗中预备。等到陈胜起兵,他也聚众举事。唐人李白有诗一首,咏张良行刺始皇不成逃匿下邳之事,其诗道:
子房未虎啸,破产不为家。
沧海得壮士,椎秦博浪沙。
报韩虽不成,天地皆振动。
潜匿游下邳,岂曰非智勇。
我来圮桥上,怀古钦英风。
惟见碧流水,曾无黄石公。
叹息此人去,萧条徐泗空。
不说张良在项伯家隐藏。却说始皇东巡来到徐州,风景不同,民俗自别,桑麻绣野,禾黍铺田。百姓来献嘉禾,一茎三穗。始皇大喜,赏了百姓,复往东南到沛县,又见旺气,想此地必有异人,分付细加访问,倘或有人,即当杀之,以绝后患。李斯曰:“云气出没偶然耳,何劳陛下忧心!如若差人访察,恐骚动百姓,反生他患。”始皇曰:“卿言是也。”遂命驾起行,来到会稽城中。这时十字街人丛中走出一位少年壮士来,要刺杀始皇。这时一位老者急止之曰:“不可!大丈夫当立万世之功,岂可效刺客之流耶?”少年遂止。其人为谁?老者姓项名梁,少者姓项名籍,字羽,楚将项燕之后,下相人也。项籍初学书,书不成;学剑,剑不会。梁大怒曰:“尔欲何为耶?”项籍曰:“书,记姓名;剑,不过敌一而已。”梁曰;“汝今欲何学?”籍曰:“吾欲学万人敌也。”项梁甚奇之。今日遇见始皇意欲刺杀,项梁急止之。因此游行于吴楚之间,潜有图天下之志。
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