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正文 6焚书坑儒(第1页/共3页)

却说秦始皇自博浪沙受惊回京,一连三年都未远出。但始皇生性好动,不肯安居宫中,便时常微服出游。又因前回博浪沙之事,常恐遭人暗算,遂挑选精壮武士四人怀着兵器,随侍左右保护。

秦始皇三十四年,天下无事。一日始皇在咸阳宫中排下筵宴,大会群臣。博士七十人亦在其列,随例向前举杯献酒。始皇正在开怀畅饮,旁有仆射周青臣上前奏道:“往时各国并立,秦地不过千里。托赖陛下神圣统一天下,设立郡县驱逐蛮夷,人民得以安生乐业,永无战斗之患。国祚久远传于万世,陛下功德巍巍,自古帝王皆不能及也。”始皇听此一片谀词,语语正合其意,不觉大悦。谁知却恼了一位博士。

其人复姓淳于,名越,系齐国人。见周青臣极口奉承始皇,忍耐不住便发言道:“臣闻殷、周两朝所以能传国久远者,皆由大封子弟功臣得其辅助之故。今陛下富有四海,而子弟无尺寸之地,假使将来奸臣专政,并无亲藩保卫皇室,其势甚危!大凡作事不学古人,断难长久。!”秦始皇闻言自然不快,但面上仍不发作,却问群臣意见如何?此时李斯已由廷尉升为丞相,听了淳于越之言出席奏道:“博士所言犹是战国习气。只因战国时代诸侯厚待游学之士,所以百家并起,各夸学问,讥刺时政,毁谤君上,实属目无法纪。此种恶习若不严行革除,必至号令不行是非倒置,为害甚大!臣之愚见,请将一切史书非记秦事者,全部烧毁,民间所藏诗书及诸子百家书籍也一律烧毁。此后人民有敢谈起诗书者,即行正法。如敢引证古典讥笑时政,诛及三簇。似此办法方可尊重朝廷,屏除浮议。”

始皇暗想:“此法甚好,不但可绝许多谤言,且与自己愚民政策相合。”遂下诏依议办理。于是民间所有古书尽付一炬。

光阴迅速,又过一年。始皇求仙心切,按捺不住。遂起驾东游碣石,使燕人卢生入海,寻求仙人踪迹。自己复往北边游行一番。

卢生奉命前往,心想:“大海中一片汪洋,何处有仙人踪迹?但若空手回报,重则贬官罚罪,轻则失宠见疏,如何是好?”左思右想,正在为难之际,忽然思得一计,便乘船向海中空走一回。却暗地写成一书回奏始皇道:“仙人虽未遇得,已将仙书私下抄来。”说罢将书呈上。始皇披阅书中言语,大抵是虚无缥渺之谈。惟其中有一语道:“亡秦者,胡也!”始皇读到此处暗吃一惊!心想:“胡是匈奴别号,现在国内一统,人民无力造反,内乱可保无虞。将来与我子孙为敌者,定是胡人。不如趁此时将他逐出塞外,就中外交界地方筑起一座城墙,遣兵把守方免后患。”始皇想罢,即命蒙恬带兵三十万人,往伐匈奴去了。

说起匈奴人种,相传为夏氏苗裔,常居中国西北一带地方。其人以牧畜为生,所居之处张设毡帐,并无城郭房屋,也无文字。其人自少学习射猎,无事时牧养兽畜,有事时皆出当兵。战胜则奋勇轻进,战败便四散逃走,各不相顾。其俗重少轻老,精美饮食皆让少年人享用,若有剩余方给老者。凡父死,则儿子娶其后母为妻。兄弟死,亦各娶其妻,其野蛮如此。

此次蒙恬奉始皇命令,带领三十万人马,浩浩荡荡杀将北去。匈奴出其不意,未及防备,望风逃循。蒙恬遂收河南地,分为四十四县,将内地犯人移往居住。再将从前燕、赵、秦三国所筑长城首尾联络起来。西自临洮,东至辽东,共长万余里。

蒙恬一面筑城,一面又率兵北渡黄河,取阴山地。自己常驻上郡指挥调度。

秦始皇削平六国之时,每破一国,即命画工将其宫室绘成图样,就咸阳北坂上照样建筑。南临渭水,西自雍门,东至径、渭二水合流之处,一路楼阁连绵,复道贯通。又将所掳各国妃嫔、子女、宝器、珍玩安置其中。

当时宫殿不为不多。除咸阳正宫外,所有离宫,在关内者三百 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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