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忠臣孝子之事，与天争逆顺，与人争存亡，其将以名争之乎？夫天则不知人之有名也。彼所不争，挟以与争，其如天何哉，若夫人，则以名相胜，而在此在彼，俱有可得之名。况乎天下之利，在实而不在名，业已有实而名可起。既得之于实，又得之于名，势将偏重于彼，而能与之争乎？故君臣父子之大名，君子以信诸己，而不以争诸天下，而后可以争天争人而全其忠孝。
殷之遗多士，殷之臣子也。君父死，宗社夷，孑然以其族争大名于周，然且其实不成而名亦不令，周公乃执言以加之罪，曰“不典”，曰“自速辜”，曰“不忌于凶德”。呜呼！正其本，天下理。夫人必自侮而后人侮之。
挟君父之大仇，冒白刃以争去留之天命，乃周人得声其罪而无惭，殷士终戢其心而听命，是岂忠臣孝子之大节，适足以当凶德之恶声，而天终不可吁哉？夫诚有以致之也。故曰：君子以信诸己，而后可与人争名实也。
《诰》固曰：“惟圣罔念作狂，惟狂克念作圣。”念者识〔去声〕也。识斯忱，忱斯信也。
《诰》又曰：“图忱于正。”正者，周所可与殷争之名，而忱者殷所不能与周争之实也。周可有正，而殷不得有忱。故曰势将偏重于彼也。
夫殷而不念牧野之事乎？玄黄浆食，举国如狂，而轻去其君父。流言风雨，复举国如狂，而自诧以忠孝。十余年之中，犹旦暮尔。迎周之日，不图其忱；叛周之日，不忱其图；旦所为而夕忘之，胡为其不自念也！信乎其狂之未有瘳矣。
狂之为言，易也；言易而不践，行易而不恒也。言不践，行不恒，则殷士顺逆之名，倒授之周王久矣。使其念之，则如林之日，何惜此肝脑以争汤孙之线绪？
无已，而西山片土，犹可埋饿夫之骨。乃匍伏请命之余生，幸人家国之变，侥收复之功名，徒以腰领试东征之斨斧，而大命终倾，何其愚也！
故谢叠山之却聘也，必昭然揭日月以告人曰：终始未尝降元也，而后可以死。而徐子章禹断发复奔，不得兔于《春秋》之贱辞。恶有臣仆于仇仇之宇，而尚可图全其大节乎？
盖昔之迎周者，“宅尔宅”，“畋尔田”，家室温饱之情重于节义；则向之“宅尔宅”，“畋尔田”，周已操尔来去之情以相制而责偿焉。斯则蠢尔多方，欲辞顽民之名，而人其听之，而天且予之哉？天且予之，是忠臣之名滥而不足以荣矣。
或曰，忍耻以俟时，怀忠而复起，亦豪杰举事之图也。屈于人之强大，折于君之昏狂，限于众之离析，不得已而忍旦夕之辱，以俟衅而后发，成则为句践之沼吴，败亦为遂人之歼齐，何遽其不可邪？
乃殷之遗民，则又非其类矣。夫将蕴怨崇耻，若遂人之不择而逞，以与偕亡，则矐目疠身，胡、越其支体，土梗其家室，而荠饴其鈇
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