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正文 第165章 有措施(第2页/共3页)

皇帝的先河。

由于汉末以来,政治腐败,朝廷奢华无度,地方搜刮盘剥,再加上豪强地主大量兼并土地,使得百姓流离失所,生活困苦,经济凋敝,所以人心浮动,政治危机愈演愈烈。

王莽执政以来,为了获取民心,虽然采取了一系列缓和社会矛盾政策,但也始终未能在根本上解决问题。

王莽信奉儒家思想,他认为天下要恢复到孔子所宣称的礼崩乐坏前的礼治时代,才可能实现政通人和。

因此王莽当上皇帝后,企图通过复古西周时代的周礼制度来达到他治国安天下的理念,于是仿照周朝的制度开始推行新政,史称王莽改制。

王莽在始建国元年宣布的政策是:将天下田改名王田,以王田制为名恢复井田制;奴婢改称私属,与王田均不得买卖。

其后屡次改变币制,更改官制与官名,把盐、铁、酒、铸钱及山林川泽收归国有。

但由于这些政策只求名目复古,很多都是与实际情况相违背的,而且在推行时手段和方法不正确,在遭到激烈反对后,又企图通过严刑峻法强制推行,使诸侯、公卿直到平民因违反法令而受重罪处罚者不计其数,加剧了社会的动荡。

人们未蒙其利,先受其害,各项政策朝令夕改,使百姓官吏不知所从,因此导致天下各豪强和平民的不满。

王莽对边疆少数民族的境外政权也采取了一系列错误政策。

他胁迫羌人献出西海湖一带的土地设立西海郡,以便与国内已有的北海郡国、南海郡、东海郡合起来凑全四海。

为了使这块荒地像一个郡,必须强制移民,于是增加了五十条法令,以便增加成千上万的罪犯,满足移民的需要。

为了这个西海郡,王莽招来了最初的不满。

他将原本臣服于汉朝的匈奴、高句丽、西域诸国和西南夷等属国统治者由原本的王降格为侯。

又收回并损毁匈奴单于玺,改授予新匈奴单于玺;甚至将匈奴单于改为降奴服于,高句丽改名下句丽;各族因此拒绝臣服新朝。

王莽又主动挑起了无谓的争端,轻率地决定动用武力,不仅导致边境冲突,还使数十万军队长期陷于边疆,无法脱身,耗费了大量人力物力,造成边境战乱不绝。

王莽实行的措施如下:

第一、王莽不切实际地废除了五铢钱,盲目推行各种新币制,使货币的流通和信用受到了严重的削弱,使财政经济陷于瘫痪。王莽的币制改革本意是削弱豪强大族的经济实力,但由于币制复杂混乱,导致民间交易很不顺畅,造成了民间物价的不稳定。并且每次改制的钱 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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