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正文 第六十四章 太祖称帝 (2)(第2页/共3页)

贵)勃极烈、忽鲁(总帅)勃极烈和昃四(副帅)勃极烈。

以上勃极烈均是协助皇帝议事的诸王。担任各勃极烈的人员分别是:

都勃极烈完颜阿骨打,即皇帝。

谙班勃极烈完颜吴乞买,为皇储,即皇帝死后的继承人。因完颜吴乞买乃是完颜阿骨打的亲弟弟,故此被确定为谙班勃极烈,以便将来在完颜阿骨打不在时,继承大金的皇位。

国论勃极烈完颜撒改,相当于国相。

忽鲁勃极烈完颜辞不失,相当于国相的第一助手。

昃四勃极烈完颜斜也,相当于国相的第二助手。

经过对猛安谋克组织的改革,金国形成了勃极烈制度,凡国家大事,皆由五位勃极烈协商决定,若其他四位勃极烈不同意的事情,作为都勃极烈的完颜阿骨打也不能一意孤行。这就从制度上保证了金国决策的正确性和稳定性。

再下来就是对权力的再分配。

很明显,完颜阿骨打勃极烈制度,一是确定了亲弟弟完颜吴乞买皇储的地位,二是确定了完颜撒改国相的地位。

对完颜吴乞买皇储的地位好理解,因为金国最早的时候实行的是兄终弟及的继承制,以保证继承人的成熟;对完颜撒改国相的地位,主要是平衡家族间的权力分配。

完颜撒改是完颜阿骨打的叔伯堂哥,其子为完颜粘翰,具有很大的实力。在女真族内部,完颜阿骨打和完颜撒改实行的是分治诸部。因完颜撒改在女真部落中身份尊贵,威信很高,故此被确定为国论勃极烈。

完颜撒改和完颜粘翰积极劝完颜阿骨打进皇帝位,主要有以下三个方面的考虑。

一来为政权着想。

事实上,女真族反辽不似中原地区的一些义军。在中原王朝,义军往往会“广积粮、缓称王”,因为中原一旦大乱时,往往群雄并起,枪打出头鸟,谁先称王称帝,都会引起大家群起围攻。而完颜部落经过几代人的经营,周围的部落已经被完颜部落吞并,已经没有哪个部落能和完颜部落相抗衡了;故此,早点建国称帝,可以让各部归心,有利于形成合力,团结抗辽。

二来是完颜阿骨打本身行。

完颜阿骨打作为都勃极烈,勇猛善战,常常亲冒矢石,冲锋陷阵。在和辽国的第一仗中,完颜阿骨打就一斧子砍死了辽国大将耶律谢十。很明显,如果完颜阿骨打做了皇帝,自然身系国家,就不允许他像战将一样,冲锋陷阵了,保全完颜阿骨打的生命也是对大金国的负责。

第三个原因是避嫌。

由于完颜撒改在女真部落中身份高贵,威信过高,如此一来,便对完颜阿骨打形成了威胁,会让完颜阿骨打有所顾忌。完颜撒改、完颜粘翰积极劝进,即可表明完颜撒改一系并无争夺皇位之意,而且会绝对服从完颜阿骨打,绝无二心。作为完颜阿骨打的叔 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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