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正文 成公下论(第2页/共3页)

芸焉取天下之合离与齐谋之,抑与吴谋之,又且与楚谋之,是非所谓道谋者与!



周之东也,封建之国,残割十九。冀割于晋;雍割于秦;荆、扬、徐割于吴、楚;幽县北隅,殆割于燕;梁限于南,殆割于巴蜀。冠带之君守其国土,以仿佛先王之侯服者,豫、兖、青三州之壤耳,是皆商纣之仅有以亡者也。若夫文王之所怀柔,则裂为六七大国,而侯度以绝。

豫州之境,陈、蔡、郑、许,楚日践之,而鞠为战垒,国之延者仅也。青、兖之国,未食于齐者几,犹足以自立,逮夫巫臣通吴,而莒、鲁、郯、邾始为吴、楚、晋之争地矣。故莒之不戒也,其言曰:“孰以我为虞?”诚不虞其或虞之也。乃楚知吴、晋之所自通,悬师远击,以绝其交午之道。莒为冲矣,恶得而不受兵?

国弱而猝受兵于不虞,恶得而不溃?莒溃于齐、鲁、邾、郯之间,鲁、邾及郯恶得而不危?鲁、莒、郯、邾危,而齐、楚之狡以启疆恶得而不相争以乘之?于是而青、兖之国不亡尽而不止。

呜呼!青、兖之土于晋不相及也,于楚不相及也。晋不于是而争楚,楚不于是而争晋。不为争冲,犹小康也。召一吴而开楚以北,导齐以西,则东尽海滨而无宁宇。甚蔽者必有所归,归则如奔堤之水而不可抑。北尽沧海,南垂百粤,皆齐、楚之所制矣。天下恶得而不七?七国又恶得而不一于秦也?天下之将改,必有祸人者启之于所不虞。夫巫臣之为祸人久矣,一隅不能小康,祸其极夫!



王充曰:“君子有不幸而无幸,小人有幸而无不幸。”然则幸者恒与小人遇,而故违君子与?非然也。物因于理,事因于势,因则必穷,穷不遽亡,天之道也。

故曰:“穷则变,变则通。”夫画其生而致之生,画其死而致之死,造物者其为是拘拘者乎?是故物极于减,势往于衰,则恒有变以应之。其变也,恒乘其纷纠,发于不测,而若以相济,君子小人固咸有此矣。乃君子则夷然而置之,小人则泰然而用之。置之若失之,而固无失也;用之以希利,而利或报也。此君子小人用幸不用幸之别也。

晋厉之世,晋方盛意以折楚,楚亦蕴欲以折晋。鄢陵之战,楚果折而晋伸矣。乃前乎鄢陵也,宋则有鱼石之事。晋悼之世,楚聚力以争郑,郑委楚以亢晋,晋屡兴无功,宋、卫、鲁日受郑师焉。乃间乎虎牢之戍郑,则有西宫之难。夫宋,晋之左肱;郑,楚之前茅也。

楚失之鄢陵,得之彭城,故虽败而犹张。晋制郑而楚制宋,势相均矣。是殆天将挫楚,而先授之复振之资与?于是而楚人用之,遂以益郑魄而固其交,互以争衡,而晋且为之避。西宫之难,视华、鱼之争,均已。

晋因之以临郑,可无郑矣。侯晋在晋,堵尉司氏在宋,而晋人勿用焉,疑乎晋之智不逮楚而非也,楚可用鱼石,晋不可用郑盗也。是故却子华而郑早服,奖元咺而卫终叛。用幸以凶,不用幸以吉,受天之变,无宁受天之穷,君子之道也,反其道则凶矣。间于征舒以入陈,间于蔡般以灭蔡,小人之用幸也利,而不知不用幸也之益利。

贪天之变,不受天之穷,小人之道也。驯致其道亦利矣,莫之致而或致,纷纠于此而涣散于彼,命之无恒,听之焉耳。安其恒,远其利,无投其间,自有其可为而不赖,君子不谓命也,行法而已矣。若夫乘君子之器,用小人之智,然而不败者,什不得一。呜呼!梁武亡于侯景,宋徽破于药师,其明鉴已。

无资而兴,天兴之也;有资而兴,人自兴也。古之帝王及其元侯,肇邦国,立人纪,其势一屈一伸。

介乎其伸,苟有为者,皆有造以兴,后先相藉,而天无能开猝起之功。秦灭诸侯,废人纪,人不能以自兴,故汉以降,猝兴者君天下于崇旦,以息天下而奠之数百年,胥天功矣,周以上之所未有也。

商之兴也,契、相土也;周之兴也,稷、三后也,汤、武非无藉而王也。微独王然,霸亦有之,霸非猝起而合天下也。齐桓之霸,僖、襄开之,西平宋、郑,东收纪,而桓资焉;晋文之霸,武、献开之,并屈、魏,翦虞、虢,而文资焉。

逮乎晋之且失霸矣,景克齐于鞍而复振,厉大败楚于鄢陵而遂张,悼公资之以兴,坐收诸侯而以勤郑。故微鄢陵之胜,晋不能以屡挫之余,劳师经岁,逐河山之表,而诸侯不贰,楚人不乘,其亦明矣。

晋之将大有事于楚也,合齐以自翼,威秦以自坚,阳予楚好以缓其毒,东树吴援以掣其后,而后君不恤劳,将不恤死,以成乎必弗受败之势。呜呼!其亦勤矣。推悼之功,而没厉之劳,是赏获者之获而恶耕者之播也。

王之兴以德,德之报延及后世,而身亦佑焉,故太王、王季、文王功各集而安荣不替。

霸之兴以功,功必与过互,而天参用其予夺,身受其敝,后人乃得资焉,故诸儿、州蒲及身而弑,佹诸之裔死亡相踵,身受其敝,而人复抑之,乃使桓、文暨悼尸崛起之名,非平情之论矣。霸之必有藉也,犹无恃天也,故曰霸者王之委也,人纪乱而天始为功。

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