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正文 宣公十论(第3页/共3页)



赵委常山以窥代,而赵终于代;吴委荆州以固建业,而吴终于建业。善委者犹待之百年,而杨广歆平陈之利,早弃故国以忘于江du。夫无心之获,乍利其腴以寄命。

其亡也,如枯木之春蘖,津液奔注于此以速绝。金人之焰,熸于汝宁,夫岂复有余种哉!



量固有所穷,势固有所折,智者知此而已矣。知此不乱,知此而善往之不亡。楚庄之起,窥三川,问九鼎,疆舒、蓼,盟吴、越,入陈下郑,胜晋灭萧,不知其且何极也。顿师于宋城之下,弗获已而以平退,于是而楚庄之量穷。且匪直庄也,楚自熊通以来,继盛者六世,沿汉东,被夔蜀,临陈、郑,举东夷,启申、息,贯淮、汝,灭国者数十,未尝阅数年而无获于中国,尤不知其且何极也。自顿师于宋城之下,受平以退,于是而楚之势以折。

盖自鲁宣之末年,彻春秋之终,以婴齐倾国之威,下鲁、卫而不能固;以虔狡悍之力,举陈、蔡而不能有。楚非昔楚,不得已而姑弭兵以自全矣。

医者之言曰:“待其衰而刺之,良事已。”疾固有必衰,徒无刺之者也。惊于其势,怵于其衰,畏其炎炎,从之没世,勇夫所以无坚勇,志士所以无坚志,小人所以趋授之亡,君子所以终丧其守,不思其反焉耳。不思其反,反是不思,《氓》之妇人所为自悼于歧路也。



《易》曰:“干母之蛊,不可贞。”

贞,正也。乃非谓不正而诡随也。所用干者,与蛊相当,以正相取之道也。不可贞,勿以正相取而相当焉耳。父之蛊,蛊外成;母之蛊,蛊内生。外成者内未伤内生者外必溃。故母之蛊,蛊甚矣;甚而正取,亡之道也。

晋灵之世,赵盾专心内贼,而捐楚不竞,内蛊也。捐楚而楚养其势,因是以北争而无所惩。无所惩,则楚益壮;视其无惩而安之,则晋益老。故县陈、入郑、灭萧、围宋而不可向迩,内蛊之溃于外,烈矣。

赵盾死,荀林父因之,正取以与楚争,而师大败,于是而林父知贞之穷也,舍楚事狄,而干之道得矣。

故《蛊》之彖曰“先甲三日,后甲三日”,舍甲而求之先后,更新之治也。楚之于晋也远,狄之于晋也迩,狄之于晋也缓,楚之于晋也急。

攒函之役,纾狄以并力于楚,舍迩图远,正取则激也。潞、甲之灭,置急谋缓,旁取则裕也。

无狄患,而后可得志于齐,“先甲三日”之效也。得志于齐,而后可复振于楚,“后甲三日”之效也。故夫干内蛊而不以贞者,岂忘贞哉?唯勿忘贞,而后可不贞也;若将忘贞,而后得以贞也。故夫林父之于此,功正当矣。靖狄祸,抑齐恶,而卒以得之于鄢陵也。

乃林父之于此,道正得矣。所恶于楚者,以其变夷,而狄尤非我类也。非我类者不入我伦,殄之非不仁,乘之非不义,名以正,功以裕,救积败之势于不迫,大亨以正而天下治,又胡不贞之有!



《泰誓》曰:“天视自我民视,天听自我民听。”二代之季,东迁之前,民之视听犹与天相为用;与天为用者,用夫理而已。故《诗》曰:“皇矣上帝,临下有赫。鉴观四方,求民之莫。”何以知天之求民莫邪?则唯民之自求莫也。民自求莫,诸侯固为之求也;诸侯求之,民以莫矣;民之所莫,诸侯不得而不求也。然则诸侯之视听因民,民之视听因天。乱未几而莫及之,天莫之也。

呜呼!逮春秋之季,而民之视听荧矣。视听荧,故无适求;无适求,则欲莫而不得。民固欲莫而无可求;无可求,而固欲莫,则必妄求而不审。无可求者,天所不得不荧也。不审其所求者,民之荧也。故《诗》曰:“天之方难,无然宪宪。”宪宪以妄悦,民之莫也无日矣。无王而不得不戴霸,天之难也,戴霸而不适所戴,民之宪宪也。荧以宪宪,视听无恒,捷捷翩翩,以徘徊于一日之荣枯而为向背。其将以求其莫与?适以求其所敝者而已。

鲁之主齐,自宣之篡也,而不自宣之篡始。文公之季年,为阳谷之盟,而唯恐不得齐矣。鲁之背齐,自宣没而行父之执国也,而不自宣公没始。宣公之季年,为断道之盟,而唯恐不去齐矣。当其欲得之,其大夫胁其爱女而不以为惭。当其欲去之,其君母一笑其使而遂不与之戴天。是岂齐惠之可以得鲁,而顷之必于失与?

鲁之唯恐不得齐,唯恐不去晋也。迨其唯恐不去齐,唯恐不得晋也。晋不竞于楚,而鲁去之也若惊,卫欲合之而卒不合。晋大获于狄,而鲁欲得之也若惊,取怨于齐而不恤。不竞于楚,非必能为鲁害也。大获于狄,未见其为鲁利也。耳目荧于炎寒,而必为之怵。

合齐而屈于齐,背齐而挫于齐,土田割,爱女辱,君臣疲于道路,洊岁受兵,频年失地,虚国以争民于锋刃,而士女殚于荆楚,无他,一应其视听之荧荧者而已。天虽有赫,无可为之莫也。有王者起,莫能必其存也,而后天下成乎大乱而不可息。二代之季,东迁之前,岂有此哉!国君荧而霸无权,外乃大侵,小民荧而君无制,臣乃大窃。天之视听邈矣,民不得而与为用矣。

自是以降,荧于仕则背公而各死其党;荧于学则背道而各专其师;荧于性而谓他人父,谓他人母,奉夷狄盗贼以为君矣。天之聪明仅留于一二君子之视听,而民无与焉。为君子者犹莫之保,则人道其丧矣夫! 『加入书签,方便阅读』

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