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正文 成公下论(第2页/共3页)

震秦之得也。秦以难晋,故趣入于狄,狄秦,以晋也。

楚不以难晋,而后为狄。晋惟威楚而后得为霸,故舍楚弗威,则晋一秦矣。舍楚弗威,中国可以无晋。舍秦弗攻,秦即胜晋,东国之诸侯犹得摈之于河、山之表。故其后楚削秦张,中国持之,待之数百年,而后蔑周以并天下。浸令秦削楚张,天下之亡趣急矣。

盖秦、楚者,俱以蔑宗周,坏封建,毁文物,而为志者也。势有难易,地有远迩,恶有先后。故春秋之季年,虽或摈秦而进楚,而楚之不可合也固然。秦窥天下始于晋,其合于晋也,则其罪释矣。

楚之乱天下也不中于晋,虽合于晋,害固在天下,其罪不可释也。楚合于晋,罪不可释,则晋之合楚也弱不可疗,而恶不可贳矣。恶不可贳,而姑于西门之歃贳之,惟鄢陵之功故也。晋败楚于鄢陵,而秦不敢报其麻隧之怨;晋折楚于萧鱼,而秦不敢亢其济泾之师。故知合楚以攻秦,不若威楚以震秦之得也。

十六

秦、晋之构怨,四十年矣,晋不能牵天下以向秦,天下亦无为晋恤。鲁成之十三年,会于王都以西讨,山东之国集焉,而秦始非晋敌,天下敌矣。

《春秋》书公自京师会诸侯伐秦,显命受于王,为天下之公伐也。牵天下之力,快晋之忿,君子不抑焉。

盖秦至是,非仅难晋也。且秦之难晋,亦非徒为晋故也。楚北向而争天下,郑蔽之;吴西向而争天下,鲁蔽之;秦东向而争天下,晋蔽之。

楚得郑,而后及于宋、鲁、齐、卫;吴得鲁,而后及于齐、卫、晋、郑。秦惟弗得晋,而不敢出关以争。秦之出关,诸侯之祸,周之忧矣。秦既已有西周之地,凭山而东制诸侯,而思以逞者。惟晋蔽之尔。晋为天下蔽,天下之所宜助;为周蔽,周之所宜佑也。

且秦之合楚也,楚不能用秦,而秦用楚。秦之用楚甚狡也。不韪之名,楚犯之;中国之怨,楚婴之;勤师暴骨,楚任之。楚固不若是之愿而安为之用者,晋失秦以授楚,秦不吝捐利以结楚也。

城濮以还,楚折矣,商臣得秦而后振,是以有江、六;芈旅得秦而益张,是以收陈、郑而残萧、宋,婴齐得秦以尤逞,是以下鲁、卫而蹂莒、郓。楚恃秦之掣晋以无忌,而秦非为楚掣晋也。秦委争于楚而敝晋也。

秦之悍也,祸未中于天下,而天下忘之。故微秦而楚不足以张,微楚而秦自若也。是天下阴有其巨患,晋孤任之,而天下不恤,天下之昧也。乃晋之捍楚也有名,其捍秦也不知收秦,而又负不直之咎于秦,晋是以不能得之天下,四十年而后得之也。

晋得天下以敌秦,秦乃慑于天下之威,而不敢显为周慝。故先乎会伐秦之日,使问赴告旁午于中国。

后此者,天下乃始绝秦忌秦,闭秦于关以不相及者,终春秋之世而天下亦以小安。故夫晋为周蔽而周听之,周得矣,非夫惠王通楚难齐之愚也;晋为天下蔽而天下应之,天下得矣,非夫鲁伐莱、郑侵蔡之妄也。

故秦者,晋之所宜合天下以有事者也。上者收秦以为天下用,而秦以绥;其次胥天下以绝秦,而秦以戢。惟不孤用其忿,而与天下共焉,则其事公矣。《春秋》张诸侯之伐而临之以周,公之也。

十七

吴、楚、秦,皆《春秋》之所狄,尤有等也。

诸侯之不安于侯,于是而有伯。成乎伯者,王之所自衰,君子贱之;近乎伯者,王之所未亡,则君子犹不绝之。盖伯者,王之委,非王之敌也。伯之始兴,类亦破王法,兼并以自强,然逮其强而足以伯矣,兼并之事于是而止。故齐兼纪、鄣,灭谭、遂,逮乎召陵之师,成伯而止;晋灭虞、虢,开南阳,逮乎践土之会,成伯而止。非其后之不足于狡以启疆也,蕲乎得伯止矣。

秦之始,攘西周之地,吞梁、芮,并西戎,穆以伯矣,而狡以启疆曾未止也。窥滑、郑,向三川,冀驾晋以凌周室,是虽得伯而不为之止,伯而不止,则狄矣。故殽之战,北征之师,《春秋》夺其伯而狄之。

楚之起也,在齐桓之前。首僭王号,食申、息,争蔡、郑,意存代周,而不蕲乎伯。故《春秋》之始见,即使从狄。不蕲乎伯,固狄也。逮乎芈旅,有江、六,并群舒,胁陈下郑以向宋,犹不蕲乎伯也。

县陈不有,平宋而归,而楚之并中国也为之衰止。犹知止焉,则固近乎伯矣。不足于伯,而免之于狄,以其有所止者之近乎伯也。惟夫吴,贸然以起,贸然以来,不知有伯,固不托焉。始无蕲也,可争则争焉耳;终无止也,可犯则犯焉耳矣。不知伯,故不蕲伯。

不蕲伯,则不近乎伯,而究无所止。其败也,贸然以败也。藉其成也,将贸然而无惮以不逞也。

夫贸然者无固恶,然而君子早绝之而弗宥,非已甚也。刘渊、石勒、阿骨打、铁木真之初起,岂其蕴为条理,若然以蕲之,若然以得之哉?燎原之火,不谋所热,无与止之而不止,乃以帝天下食万民而有余矣。

故贸然者,尤甚于其有固恶也。《春秋》之于秦也,弗绝于其始,以其有所蕲也;于楚也,弗绝于其终,以其有所止也;于吴也,以号始,以号终,起于钟离,卒于黄池,与于会盟,而不得与中国齿,唯其贸然无所蕲而不知止也。故知君子之恶夫贸然者,尤甚于其有固恶也!

十八

佞人之说不效,当言而荧,言已而败,佞不仇矣。佞不仇,君子何恶于佞哉?德人之言也效,效以此,言以此,言直而效易见,或以易见而浅之。佞人之言也效,知效之在彼,而言之于此,效焉而疑若神,庸人之所为神之也,而恶知其避就之奸乎?

士燮之言曰:“外宁必有内忧。”言已而效矣。呜呼,此燮之所以为佞也!惑于其效之疑若神,中其佞而以乱义,于是以说《春秋》曰:“鄢陵之胜,幸也。”夫晋之图楚,自盟蜀以来,十四年矣。合齐通吴,间之于秦,诵楚言以绝秦,以间秦也。大乞列国之师,树齐、鲁、卫之兵为后援,誓死以当楚而后胜,其何幸哉?彼云幸者,直欲置楚焉耳。苟置楚,而晋又何以伯邪?

外宁之有内忧,不幸而燮之言中尔。岂外不宁而后内果无忧乎?赵盾之世,三方交警,而夷皋以弑,又何说也?晋之内忧,厉公之不忘情于栾、郤,而书与偃侧目其君也。效其有忧之在彼,而暴其忧之说于此,燮亦既明曙乎忧所自生,特匿其情以避,而驾其说于不测尔。

故忠佞敌也,燮惟不忠,斯以善佞,迨他日之效于彼,而人且神之。君子之恶佞,惟恶其首不测而尾疑神也。汤归于克桀而仲虺诰,武王通于蛮夷而召公训,亦惟是修德令终之戒,未闻置寇于垣而以警室人之器者也。

燮诚有内忧之戚以忧晋,燮胡不以死争三郤之杀于前?燮胡不以义折书、偃之弑于后?置君父之大忧,含污以自免,乃于非有忧者,姑为若知若不知之辞,以衒前知之哲。呜呼,燮之心,路人知之矣。路人知之,而传《春秋》者弗察而师之,甚哉,远佞之难也!

且夫所恶于佞者,非仅其不救于败也。摇人心,乱国是,长寇仇,启败亡,言于未兆而祸必因也。惟其佹效而疑神,人神之矣。神之将师保 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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