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正文 僖公中论(第2页/共3页)

两狄之,其科一也。狂以动于恶,不知恶之分际者也;惫而弃夫善,无其善之津梁者也。

王者之法,宥不识,赦蠢愚,则何为此而无贷词?不知恶之分际,有冥行者矣,有妄以为的而志之者矣。妄以为的而志之,则知其分际而恶愈不止。

故七国自王以裂封建,不终于不知也,而吴、楚之狂实开之先。无其善之津梁,有姑废而待之者矣,有利用其敝而以自利者矣。利用其敝而以自利,则浸有其津梁而亦不为,故赵之胡服骑射,秦之燔书灭礼,非其力不足也,而杞之惫早启其端。

夫不为恶者,不恃知其恶诚不可为而已。勉为善者,非有待于可为,诚必为而已。诚之者,人之道也。人道废,则君子忧。有甚忧者,斯有孔怒。施之大罚而弗之矜,以为非是,而人道莫与立也。

十六

王猛、敬王之难,始末具者,鲁与知也。襄王出居于郑,不纪其入者,鲁弗与也。

圣人所求乎臣子,不以己为则而因之以为量,不以己所至极而责人以功,故易简而易从,不以非其量之及而被人以罪,则当罪者无可为辞。是故力有所可竭,时有所可为,人有所可望,非是三者,无责耳矣。

昭公之末,折于楚,屈于吴,辱于晋,制于齐,力之惫也。君失守,国失主,时之穷也。君有国而不能保,臣有君而不能事,人之偷也。王室之乱,与闻其事而无忘,姑亦可矣。来告则书而弗削,不能必有功也。僖公据全盛之国,臣民听令,臧辰执政,亦既知官守之当奔问矣,恝然置天王于汜水之上,臣子之义已绝也。但书天王之出而不存其入,明鲁之绝于周,《春秋》所以绝鲁也。

鲁于周为大宗,受夹辅之命。庄公弃惠王以俾之齐,而鲁遂役齐。僖公弃襄王以俾之晋,而鲁遂役晋。

遗大义,委大权,蔑大法,自贻之弱,不可植矣。故夫不忠不孝而欲免于人役者,未之有也。具臣亏国而制于宦寺,逆子忘亲而制于悍妻,岂有爽哉!

十七

谲正相背,而用有殊施。用之君父者正,用之寇仇也亦正,可以免咎,亦可以集功。《春秋》之所为与齐桓也,正以免咎,则虽咎而犹非其咎;正以集功,而功有不集,则功或堕或集,因乎时矣。

齐桓之奉襄王,咎矣,犹非咎也。其收功于楚也,幸其非晋文之时也,而功亦仅矣。用之君父者正,用之寇仇者谲,斯无大咎而有显功,然而古今之能尔者鲜矣。何也?谲正者,相背者也。一游其神知于谲,则肯綮熟而志气捷,复能择其不可施谲者而矫以正,虽强有力者不给。

故晋文之谲,用之楚者谲,用之天子者亦谲,功大集而咎卒不免也。虽然,以道制心,则谲无往而可用;以心制道,则用之君父者正,用之寇仇者谲,亦何病哉!

且夫晋文之以谲用于楚,而亦何碍正用之于王,然而不能者,非不给也,则亦晋文之迷于制也。晋文即无往不正,而于楚固不容不谲。不容不谲,仅用之楚以救中夏,奚必志气盈捷,肯綮习串,欲罢而不能邪?

盖晋文之时,非齐桓之时。齐桓可以正治楚,而晋不能矣。桓之与,中国相为信从者三十年,而始有事于楚。晋文遭家不造,仅以存立,立而即有事于楚者,四年焉耳。势不成,威不伸,信不结,上无召廖赐命之宠,下无存三亡国之功,夕与为敌,而旦挟一义,是袭义也,宋襄之所为丧师而辱身也。故晋文之不可以正兵临楚者,时也。乃此以为说,则抑或咎文之欲速成也,胡不师桓之从容而必遽邪?年即迟暮,而创业垂统,强为善以俟子孙,功之成否,惟天所授焉可矣。而抑非也。

今之楚,非昔之楚也。桓之起也,八年而楚始一犯郑,又十二年,而楚始再犯郑。兵五加郑,而一未得志。自郑以外,无楚尘也。桓乃防之于事早,虑之于几先,如扑火于未炎,而可不失其度也。

齐桓卒,楚均强,执盟主,暴中国。东得齐、鲁,北得曹、卫,南得陈、蔡、郑、许,而仅争一宋也。宋下,则无/中国矣。乃使晋人俟之三十年之后,待天下之合,而以正兵临之。三川夷,九鼎出,不复有周,而讵有晋哉?故晋文之谲楚以收一战之功,可无咎也。

知其无咎,而惟用之宜。则知过此以往,不可加于友邦;循此以上,不可施于君父;谲之用亦何与正而相背哉!何也?中国之于夷狄,歼之而不为不仁,夺之而不为不义,绐之而不为不信。非我类也,不入我伦。川流用殊,亦何碍于大正之施?

其不乘此故心,循为熟路以加之于君父,亦明矣。子曰:“晋文公谲而不正。”谲可谅也,不正不可原也。谓其君臣父子夫妇友邦之间,积咎为已至矣。携曹、卫,激得臣,取必一胜以免天下于夷,又何病焉?

十八

王者修德,伯者修刑。德不厚不足以王,刑不审不足以伯。惟王者无慝,伯者不能无慝者也。

不能无慝,而人亦服,刑审故尔。有慝于己,刑人抑不以其罪,则必底于败,宋襄公之于曹、滕是已。晋文公之伐曹、卫,其刑审矣。

齐伯之衰,宋伯之偾,楚之横,中国之溃,罪莫有甚于二国者也。奚以明其然邪?郑之觐楚,力屈也;齐之盟楚,绐于陈也;陈、蔡、郑、许之从于围宋,楚盛兵北向,径四国而胁与偕行,欲无从而不能也。曹、卫之于楚,幸而得宋以为之蔽,无所毒矣。

乃宋为北诸侯蔽,而曹、卫方内溃以应 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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