正文 武成(第1页/共2页)
汉贾生之论曰“攻守异势”，驳儒之言也，而周初之事，良有以开之。或《武成》、《戴记》之不足信邪？抑武王、太公之有未得也？今请言之。
攻不足以守，则天下不服；守不足以攻，则天下不信。放牛归马，亟示天下以不用兵，未十年而东征之役起，则亦不足以立信于天下矣。
东人未靖，非不可知，遽偃武以告成，亦已疏矣。抑知其不可遽偃，姑偃之以安反侧，迨其后又徐图之邪？
则操“朝四暮三”之术以笼愚贱，是术也，固以道贞治，为守天下可久之规者所不屑也。絜阳纵阴操之智计，为或攻或守之权谋，为谖而已矣。
故曰贾生之说，周初之事有以开之也。《武成》之书不足多取，孟子言之矣，而非尽史臣之诬也。以武王伐商之事较之汤、文，则武王实有间焉。
奚以明其然也？势者事之所因，事者势之所就，故离事无理，离理无势。势之难易，理之顺逆为之也。理顺斯势顺矣，理逆斯势逆矣。君臣之分，上下、轻重、先后、缓急之权衡，其顺其逆，不易之理也。
守天下者，辨上下，定民志，致远而必服，垂久而必信，理之顺即势之便也。攻以此攻，守以此守，无二理也，无二势也。势处于不顺，则事虽易而必难。
事之已难，则不能豫持后势而立可久之法以昭大信于天下，所必然矣。故武王非不知十年之中且有东征之役，而不能黩武以争伏莽之戎，势处于不便则，故曰武王实有间焉，非尽史臣之诬也。
夫顺逆者轻重之委也，轻重者权衡之所得也。权衡立而轻重不爽，轻重不爽而先后不忒，先后不忒而上下不拂，上下不拂则大顺而无逆。权衡审于理，顺逆成于势，端举而委从，故曰理外无势也。
是故成汤之取天下，亦诛君之举也；文王之专征伐，亦代商之势也。然而有异焉：汤、文之势，攻可守也；武王之势，非以守者攻也。则何以明其然邪？
桀之无道，韦、顾、昆吾助之；纣之无道，崇、黎助之，奄、徐继助之。夫宁不知三蘖、崇、黎，罪薄于桀、纣？而“有虔秉钺”，先及三蘖，徐乃为南巢之放；汝坟受索，率以服事，姑用惩于崇、黎之戡；将毋罪罚之轻重不称，而底定之后先为已拂与？
乃审理以为权衡，而轻重固有不然者。
首恶而为恶之渊薮者重，从恶而为恶之朋党者轻，此情之轻重也。首恶者君，则以贵治贱，末减而轻；从恶者臣，则用下罔上，加等而重；此理之轻重也。
守天下者，正名定分而天下信，惟因理以得势。攻天下者，原情准理而天下服，则亦顺势以循理。是故三蘖、崇、黎，亟试其鈇钺，而缓桀、纣以悔祸之路。汤、文之为此者以循理，而势已无不得矣。
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