正文 第十四章 美洲殖民地的艰难开始(第2页/共3页)
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船蛆是一种非常可恨的动物,它们的存在,简直就是大航海的死敌。因为,这些船蛆,会附着在帆船底部,想白蚁一样,以木头为食,蛀蚀船体。当船蛆的蛀蚀到了一定程度,船底就会被蛀穿了。然后,船底就会进水,导致沉船。
大名鼎鼎的英西大海战,西班牙无敌舰队,事实上并没有在英军的打击下损失多少,但因为船蛆导致沉默在大西洋上的,却有很多,沉默的十几艘战船,多半是因为船蛆蛀蚀坏了船体,在海战中,受到英军火炮打击和海上风浪的拍击双重作用下,才导致漏水沉默的,而不是英国船上的火炮击沉的。英军火炮的打击,实际上砸死了西班牙战舰上很多在甲板上的水手,但却直接击沉多少西班牙战舰。毕竟,西班牙战舰,也是用了很多木料加厚侧舷的专业战舰,没那么容易被打穿侧舷。可海底船蛆的蛀蚀,却十分难以控制。
造在古希腊时代,人们就注意到了船蛆的危害。当时的人们使用沥青和焦油涂在船底,短时间内的确有效。但沥青和焦油泡在海水里,毒性会慢慢稀释。等到没了毒性的时候,船蛆又会附着上来,继续啃船底……
这个难题,实际上到了18世纪,才被英国皇家海军解决。那就是——在船底包裹一层铜皮。铜皮船蛆啃不动,而且铜皮耐腐蚀,泡在水里也难坏。要是包裹铁皮的话,很快就锈蚀了。
只不过,这个想法,在1501年这个时间段,想都不要想。因为,铜价实在太贵了。银铜兑换比为1比15。用铜皮包裹船底,只有土豪中的战斗机——中东土豪带着兑换成金银的钱穿越而来才能做得出……
当然,船蛆还有一个弱点,就是——不能在淡水中生存。因为,船蛆是海水生物,在淡水中不能长存。所以,古代木船时代,港口一般会选择在河流的出海口。这样的位置,利于出海,也因为船只停在淡水河口,会让船蛆自己自动逃跑。
所以,马林派往布雷顿角岛和亚美利哥岛的移民,选择把船停在了淡水河口,而不是马林预想中的港口。
因为,后世的船舶都是钢铁或铝合金船体,自然不怕船蛆。所以,后世的港口,是直接深入大海的。但这个时代的港口,往往都在大河河口处。比如伦敦,就在泰晤士河畔。远洋船舶,来伦敦,先要进入泰晤士河,然后在泰晤士河畔停靠。
马林占据的东弗里斯兰伯国第一大港口埃姆登,同样也在埃姆斯河畔。只有淡水河口或河内的港口,船只才能长期停靠。否则,船只是禁不住船蛆长期蛀蚀的。
眼下,抵达布雷顿角岛和亚美利哥岛的船,都开进了淡水河口赶船蛆。而移民们,也选择淡水河河口,建立聚居地。
只不过,淡水河河口位置,因为都是肥沃的三角洲,所以都生长着几十米高的参天大树,砍伐起来异常艰难。
&nb
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