《铜人图》 第24章善用兵者必善间,假亦真时真难辨(第3页/共3页)
; “我大宋自太祖立国即处四战之地,向来强敌环伺,纷争不断,互相间少不了谍战计谋。太祖在对后蜀、南汉、北汉、南唐的作战前,均派间谍收集情报。种世衡以法崧为间,绝妙地除掉了西夏两员猛将,激起了西夏内乱,轻易便保证了边关安定。
“我上至朝廷,下至百姓,朝野内外,前线后方,均重用间防间。朝廷亲将《孙子兵法》列为《武经七书》之首后,不光军人崇间,即使是文人谈间论谍者日见增多,直登大雅之堂,将‘士大夫耻于言兵’之风一扫而空。欧阳修、苏洵、苏辙、司马光、沈括、梅尧臣等人也纷纷撰文专论和注释《孙子兵法》,主张‘多养间谍之士,以为耳目’,‘厚赏以精间谍’。曾公亮《武经总经》、许洞《虎钤经》、陈规《守城录》、何去非《何博士备论》及梅尧臣等数人《孙子兵法》注本,与唐代《李靖兵法》及我祖师阮逸所著《李卫公问对》相映成辉,均对用间与反间有精辟独到的见地。
“自太祖便由朝廷亲管,实施对内对外谍探刺事。为所适得人,专门成‘皇城司’,以用间防间。下面枢密院主军,也直设‘机速房’,于地方设置情报机构,隶属于‘安抚司’,战时再有‘机宜司’,负责谍探刺事。
“朝廷常自皇城司派间谍以使外人员身份随之出访,时监时控,更自使外人员处获取情报。寇准、范仲淹、富弼、章惇、沈括等出使,不负使命,极重情报,归来更是著书立说,于朝政多有助益。所谓‘昔富弼之使也,以一言息南北百万之兵,可谓伟矣’,正是明证。而洪皓使金新近归来,对金国兵马行政财富积蓄风土人情等百事俱详加记述,名曰《松漠纪闻》,只因秦桧有私史之禁,书尚未刻秘而未宣,我在北与洪皓甚熟,因而得以先睹为快。
“谍探刺事对外向来更以枢密院为主。寇准两度入相,一任枢密使,出为使相,深通敌国上情,及至边关征找,常派探子到前线侦察,做到知己知彼。范仲淹奉调西北前线,担任边防主帅,主张详解敌情、积极防御,带出狄青、种世衡等名将,种世衡一个反间计便让西夏自折名将,更是成功之举。再有富弼既为丞相,又为枢密使,章惇亦曾为枢密使,均为用间防间之高手。
“辽、西夏、金等既与我常相对峙,亦少不了对我用间,正所谓互有来往,半斤八两。而金国竟能让秦桧以一国丞相卧底大宋,陷害我忠臣良将,几乎倾覆社稷,真是到了极致了。
“我因缘际会,受父皇厚爱,曾提举皇城司,故于之多有所知。”
其实中国自古以来,凡善用兵者必善用间。
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