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正文 六十九、何能万世开太平(第1页/共3页)

接下来便是又一个大头……皇权和相权。

国王同丞相府的权力划分是缠绕整个华夏历史的梦魇,随着皇帝和宰相能力的相互变迁,皇权和相权交替执掌朝政,而每次更换都是腥风血雨。在尼国,我决定依照历史教训削弱王权,加强文官系统的权力,防止历史上最常见的“暴君”问题出现。

至于王权的传承……有我这个“通神”的一世大王在,说不定能形成类似“万世一系”的理念呢……只要后代“作”的不厉害,王权的传承完全可以形成极其严格的制度,一如明朝那样——

明朝的皇权虽然被太祖和成祖“人为”加强,但由于国家太大、人民太多、事务比历史上其他朝代都繁杂,因而形成了同样庞大的文官集团势力,使明帝同“连杀士大夫权力都没有的宋朝‘官家’(连帝都不称)”一样,成了皇帝实权最小的朝代(注意是实权,而不是名义上的权力)。

皇帝这个位子一旦不是秦皇汉武那种“香饽饽”,惦记的人便也少了——当文官也能传承权力延续家族,风险也不比皇室大,为何非要冒天下之大不韪争这个位子?即便对于皇室来说,当皇帝跟当宗室也相差不大,因此,除了燕王朱棣被逼迫起兵、安化王朱寘鐇因刘瑾乱政起兵以外,终明一朝,只有汉王朱高煦和宁王朱宸濠是因为个人野心起兵夺位的,比除宋朝外的任何一朝皇权更迭、藩王叛乱都少。而宗法制的传承,在明代也达到了近乎极致——皇权的更替基本上有了准绳。

宗法制,是儒家提倡的历代国君传位“金典”,确保了每一任国君的名正言顺,而该制度的实施除了需要天下人形成共同理念——即皇位一定是他们家的,且必须这么传,否则便是乱臣贼子——也需要削弱皇权,使其失去“香饽饽”的诱惑力,避免野心家铤而走险。

明代自太祖逝世后,共历经建文帝、成祖(永乐)、仁宗(洪熙)、宣宗(宣德)、英宗(正统、天顺)、代宗(景泰)、宪宗(成化)、孝宗(弘治)、武宗(正德)、世宗(嘉靖)、穆宗(隆庆)、神宗(万历)、光宗(泰昌)、熹宗(天启)、思宗(崇祯)15帝,除建文帝、成祖朱棣和景泰帝朱祁钰外,其余12帝均是完全按照宗法制严格传承的长子(中夭折的、去世的都不算顺位)。建文帝乃皇长孙,而成祖靠靖难强行上位、代宗上位则为瓦剌人兵临城下时的权宜之计(且英宗刚刚葬送明军主力,实在不敢让他的幼子按顺序即位,恐军心崩溃),均是特殊情况下的特殊处理。

宗法制的顺位传承使明朝几乎很少有高层倾轧导致的全国性灾难,确保了每一代的最高权力(名义上的)顺利延续。而相反的,某种意义上,明朝所有的灾难都是源自宗法制被破坏:

太祖朱元璋自太子朱标死后,竟立长孙为皇太孙继承人(他此时还有不少儿子),埋下了靖难之祸的伏笔。而成祖虽是老四,但在老大老二老三均在太祖之前逝世的情况 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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