《闯旗》 说明(第2页/共3页)
元年例。
嘉靖二十二年增州县民壮额，不复以州县所辖里数定额，而根据州县大小定数，大县千人，次六七百，小者五百。
民壮由佐贰官或首领官一员管领，平时主要负责城池守卫，而境内一旦遇有寇匪或外患，则知县、佐贰、首领都有义务亲率民兵出战。
【火甲】
《明史》卷二八一李骥传：
骥宣德五年任河南知府，“河南境多盗，骥为设火甲。一户被盗，一甲偿之，犯者大署其门曰‘盗贼之家’。”
福建汀州府六县在天顺时也已设立火甲。
此外，江西、广东等省正统以后都出现了总小甲。
火甲之职，“专为防护地方，巡缉贼盗，无容别项差拨”。
总甲、小甲、火夫，“系地方防护火盗人数”，其职责是值更巡逻，遇有火警和匪警及时救护报官，同时还有擒捕贼盗之责。
每日总甲一名，火夫五名，沿门轮派。富者雇人，贫者自役。有锣有鼓，有梆有铃，有灯笼、火把，人执一器，人值一更。一更三点禁人行，五更三点放人行。有更铺可蔽雨雪，可拘犯人。
【保甲】
明中期以后保甲制度渐行，有取代火甲治安职能之势。
有的地方城中用火甲，乡间行保甲。北直隶宛平县城中设总甲、火夫，乡间则实行保甲制。
正德年间王守仁巡抚南赣，为镇压农民起义，创行十家牌法，传檄所属府州县施行，标志着明代保甲制度的正式形成。
十家牌法以十户为单位，将各户情况造册报官，使官府详细掌握地方状况，出现问题，十家连坐，便于维持治安。
同时，十家牌内也具有教化、息讼等功能。以后，王守仁又在十家牌的基础上增立保长，使保甲明中后期保甲法在许多地方推行。典型的是以十家为一甲，设甲长：十甲为一保，设保长；有的还以十保为一团，设团长。
————
综上【弓兵和捕快】+【民壮】+【火甲】+【保甲】可知，每个大小县城兵力悬殊，如果拥有充足的事件，给予县令等人调遣，可整出数百上千的守军。
崇祯四年（1631）起义军至高平县时，知县鲁国光组织训练民兵，率领家丁、亲属等抵御起义军，并在城墙上设计各种炮石机关，日夜巡查。
崇祯五年（1632），以紫金梁、老徊徊、八金刚为首的起义军进攻沁水窦庄，当时由于锦衣卫张道濬被弹劾在家，其作为本乡缙绅，在义军攻打本乡的时候，带
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