正文 58缇萦救父(第2页/共3页)
不久,就下了一道诏书说:"一个人犯了法,定了罪也就是了。为什么要把他的父母妻儿也一起逮捕办罪呢?我不相信这种法令有什么好处,请你们商议一下改变的办法。"
大臣们一商量,按照汉文帝的意见,废除了一人犯法、全家连坐的法令。
却说齐国有一名医,复姓淳于,名意,因为他做过齐国太仓长,管理都城仓库,所以习惯上称他为仓公。
淳于意家在临淄,自少好医,遍求方术。后来到公乘阳庆处学医,阳庆年已七十余岁,家中富有财产,子孙众多,自己医术虽精,平日却不肯轻易为人治病,所以外间并无人知他是个名医,也无人前来受业。如今年纪已老,原想觅人传授学问,无奈未得恰当之人,见自己儿孙都不是学医材料,所以也不传授。及淳于意来到门下,阳庆留心察看,见他奉事先生甚属尽职,而且专心求学勤勤恳恳,知道可以付托。于是屏去从人,独唤淳于意密说道:“汝平日所学方书都不是道,汝可一概弃去,吾有古代黄帝扁鹊脉书,用五色诊病,能知人死生,并有论药之书都很精微。我家颇足自给别无所求,因为爱你,故将我所藏禁方秘书悉数教你,你当秘密学习,勿使我子孙得知。”淳于意听说后喜出非常,急忙离席拜谢道:“先生赐教诚非弟子所望,敢不奉命。”于是阳庆取出许多书籍交与淳于意,令其熟读,不时替他讲解,淳于意昼夜研究尽心领受。到了一年已得大概,阳庆便令其试行治病,颇有效验。淳于意自以为学问未精仍旧勤学,一直学了三年,医道精熟,此时年仅三十九岁。乃辞师回里为人治病,能预决病人生死,一经投药无不立愈,因此名闻远近,病家多来求医,门庭若市。
淳于意与人医病,都是随便给资,不计多少。不过一人精力不能应接千人,有时不堪烦扰,往往出门游行。由于求医者众,而仓公又不在家中。有些病家征候危急,盼他前来救治,谁知日复一日望得眼穿,终是请他不到。有的挨延不过就死了,其家属不免抱怨。所以平日得他治愈感激的人很多,因他不治而死结怨的人也不少。
到了文帝十二年,有怨家告发淳于意,说他借医欺人轻视生命。淳于意被捕到官,讯明应受肉刑(当时的肉刑有脸上刺字,割去鼻子,砍去左足或右足等。按西汉初年的律令,凡做过官的人受肉刑必须押送到京城长安去执行。因此,仓公被押送到长安受刑。
淳于意有?5?个女儿,没有儿子。淳于意临行时,女儿们都去送他,哭成一团。淳于意看着?5?个女儿,就长叹着说:“生女不生男,遇到急难,却没有一个有用的。”
听了父亲的叹息,几个女儿都低着头哭,只有最小的女儿缇紫又是悲伤,又是气愤。她想:“为什么女儿偏没有用呢?”于是缇紫提出要陪父亲一起上长安去,家里人再三劝阻她也没有用。就这样,缇萦和父亲淳于意一起动身去京城长安。
缇萦一路上细心照顾父亲的生活起居。临淄相距长安?1000?多千米,一路上父女俩风餐露宿,尝尽人间辛酸。好不容易到了长安,淳于意马上被押人监狱中。
为了营敦父亲,缇紫上书汉文帝为父求情,请求做奴婢替父赎罪。上书中这样写道:“妾父为吏,齐中称其廉平,今坐法当刑。妾切痛死者不可复生而刑者不可复续,虽欲改过自新,其道莫由,终不可得。妾愿人身为官奴婢,以赎父刑罪,使得改行自新也。”意思是:我父亲做官的时候,齐地的人都说他是个清官。这回他犯了罪,被判处肉刑。我不但为父亲难过,
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