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正文 6焚书坑儒(第2页/共3页)

所;在关外者四百余所。

秦始皇有如此多的离宫别苑,已是游玩不尽。今又想起:“咸阳正宫乃是先代建筑,当时不过是一国诸侯,规模自然狭隘。今我既为天子,所有文武官吏以及随从人等增加甚多。每遇正式朝会宴享人众拥挤不开,必须另外建造一个极大宫殿,以壮观瞻。”

始皇便将渭水当作天河,就水上建筑一桥。桥阔六丈,长二百八十步。渡过渭水建一宫殿,东西八百里,南北四百里。名曰“阿房宫”。唐人杜牧有《阿房宫赋》,其文大意如下:六王毕,四海一。蜀山兀,阿房出。。。。。。灭六国者,六国也,非秦也。族秦者,秦也,非天下也。嗟夫!使六国各爱其人,则足以拒秦;秦复爱六国之人,则递三世可至万世而为君,谁人得而族灭也?秦人不暇自哀,而后人哀之。后人哀之而不鉴之,亦使后人而复哀后人也!

此赋形容阿房宫之大,淋漓尽致,可谓古今中外第一大宫矣!

一日始皇驾到梁山宫登山游玩,忽见一队车马由山下经过,前呼后拥十分显赫。始皇问是何人?左右回奏道:“是丞相。”始皇对左右说:“我从未见过丞相出门,原来如此威风啊!”言下露出不悦之气。其时丞相不知始皇就在山上,安然过去。始皇身边一个近侍素与丞相亲密,见始皇不喜,暗地遣人飞报丞相。丞相得知后吃惊不小。过了数日始皇又一次遇见丞相,觉得随从人马比以前减少许多,心想必是近侍泄漏吾言。遂立唤近侍至前逐一诘问,大众皆不承认。始皇大怒,叱令武士将前日随从、近侍一概缚出斩首。余人吓得胆战心寒不敢多口。

以后始皇游行所在无人得知。

却说一日卢生与侯生等人密议道:“主上天性刚戾喜用严刑,又贪恋权势,不肯恬淡无为。我辈不能为之求仙寻药,不如弃之而去。”二人议定,遂结伴逃走。

事后有人将两人逃走的消息并临行言语报与始皇。始皇闻知拍案大怒道:“我平日希望求长生,致太平,费钱无数,对于卢生诸人尤加礼貌优给赏赐。现在竟敢出言诽谤!必须拿获处以重刑,方泄我忿!”于是通令各地严密查捕。各地官吏奉命四出访拿,竟未寻获。

始皇心中痛恨卢生诸人,偏偏被他逃脱无处泄忿。忽想起二人本是儒生,遂迁怒到一班儒生身上。便下诏命御史将在京儒生一律传到,逐人究问,有无造言惑众?一班儒生中有平日喜发议论者,便坐以诽谤之罪。辗转牵引连累之人不计其数。御史将案情供词复奏,始皇自行按名定罪,共有四百六十余人定了死罪,一律正法咸阳市上。

扶苏是秦始皇的长子,刚毅勇武,素有仁爱之心,当时所有的大臣包括秦始皇都对这个公子扶苏很是满意,曾经的扶苏是离秦朝二世皇帝最近的人,如果扶苏能够继位成帝,或许秦朝的国祚不会只有短暂的十余年。

扶苏居心仁厚。每遇始皇残暴行为常行谏阻。今见始皇杀死无数儒生,便进言道:“现在天下初定,远方人民尚未归心,一班儒生不过是诵法孔教,而陛下却用严厉的刑法处置他们,臣担心天下会因此不安定。希望陛下明察。”秦始皇大怒,不但不听,反厌扶苏多言。于是将他发配到上郡监督蒙恬的大军,协助蒙恬修筑万里长城,抵御北方的游牧民族匈奴。

始皇怒犹未息,因见此次所杀儒生仅限咸阳一地。便想:“此等人各处都有,平日最喜摇唇鼓舌讥刺时政。如今闻我杀死多人,正是兔死狐悲物伤其类。诸人心中必然不服,不如趁此一律剿除。但若通令地方官究治,恐天下骚动或生变乱。且风声一露,狡猾者先期逃避,反多漏网。惟有用利禄诱之使来,然后不动声色一网打尽。”始皇想定主意,托词招致贤才,命各郡县征集儒生限期送京,听候录用。此诏一下,遂有许多贪图富贵之人如蚁慕膻,如蛾投火,纷纷来京。
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