正文 2秦国历史(第1页/共4页)
诗曰：
争名夺利几时休？
早起迟眠不自由。
骑着驴骡思骏马，
官居宰相望王侯。
只愁衣食耽劳碌，
何怕阎君就取勾。
继子荫孙图富贵，
更无一个肯回头。
却说大禹用铜铸了九个鼎。这个铜，应该也是铜与锡化合的青铜，而不是纯铜。
嬴姓的始祖是大禹的治水助手伯益，伯益被舜赐姓为嬴。
夏朝以后又经过商朝，这段历史封神演义上讲过，传说的成分占多数，这里也就不多讲了。
武王建周后，大封功臣谋士，如将吕尚封于齐，周公旦封于鲁，召公奭封于燕，叔鲜封于管，叔度封于蔡。据说，周初总计分封了七十一个诸侯国，其中兄弟之国十五，同姓之国四十。封邦建国的目的，是加强对各地的统治，并作为周王室的屏藩。诸侯再在自己的封地里分封卿大夫，卿大夫又在自己的封地里分封士，这样自上而下统治人民。武王死后，其子诵继位，为成王。成王年少，天下初定，周公旦恐怕诸侯不服，以王叔摄政。管叔、蔡叔不服，与殷纣之子武庚带领淮夷发动叛乱。周公毅然率兵东征，平定了叛乱，诛杀了武庚和管叔，放逐了蔡叔，收伏了殷的余民。为了加强对东方的统治，周公奉成王之命负责营建洛邑的工作。洛邑建成后，成王亲自来到洛邑王城，大会天下诸侯和四夷君长，并将跟随武庚叛乱的殷遗民迁进成周，以便控制。成王曾亲自讨伐东夷，使东部得以安定。成王死后，继位的康王继承先王的事业，勤于政事，平易近民，刑罚几十年不用，社会更加安定。
武、成、康三代，政治清明，是周的黄金时代。但到了第四代天子昭王时，就出现了危机。周昭王贵为天子，南巡汉水时被船夫用特制的胶船暗算，葬身于鱼腹之中。
穆王以后，周朝逐渐衰微，到了第十二代天子周幽王时，王朝的危机更为严重。关中地区发生地震、山崩和河水枯竭等严重自然灾害，周幽王不仅不抚恤灾民，反而更加奢侈腐化，贪得无厌。为了博得宠妃褒姒一笑，幽王举烽火欺骗诸侯前来勤王。
最严重的问题是，幽王决定废去王后申氏并杀掉太子宜臼，另立褒姒为王后，立褒姒的儿子伯服为太子。申后的父亲申侯于是联合西方部族犬戎举兵攻打周幽王，在骊山下杀死幽王。
幽王的儿子宜臼即位时，关中遭受兵火洗劫，残破不堪，犬戎又不时前来骚扰。周平王宜臼只得将都城迁到洛邑，史称平王东迁，东周开始。
这时诸侯并立各据一地，彼此
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