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零点小说网 > 玄幻小说 > 搏秦 > 正文 第二卷 归乡路远 内地思安 054章 封建-农耕-田赋-兼并-城墙结

正文 第二卷 归乡路远 内地思安 054章 封建-农耕-田赋-兼并-城墙结(第1页/共2页)

历史是不容篡改的。不篡改才意味着后世人有充分学习借鉴的地方,敢于真实地记录历史,才是文化自信的体现。

之前所说,随着私田为代表的私有制兴起,兼并战争的规模越来越大,从前被分封的国家都城有数万人居住已是天下闻名的城市。而到战国时期,世袭贵族的衰败导致一国之中缺乏在国都外汇聚大型城邑的基础条件,因此城市的兴衰往往和有无封君、封君权势紧密结合。如何去维护列王与新兴封君们规模庞大的家产所在的城市呢?自然是修筑起更加坚固高大的城墙,由夯土泥砖转向天然石材磨制后筑墙成为大城市城防工程的主流操作。而对整个国家的防卫工程建设来说,野外也需要筑墙,但与围合成城无关——一面高大而连贯在地上的墙,就是防御外来军队通过战略要地或肆意穿行本国国境的最佳工具。如果是两面夹筑,中间通常会有水道或平整过的车马道作为便利交通和后勤运输的被保护对象存在。当墙修在雄伟的崇山峻岭上来保护国家时,所有人都知道那个最著名的名称“长城”。可城与墙的概念并不统一,怎么能将单面墙称呼为城呢?一来因为某些地点的单面墙的确连接有作为据点存在的城邑临时防御据点,方便兵力被保护;二来因为人们潜意识里认定,墙后一定是城的存在——不管能否看到其他方向墙的存在,毕竟守卫者各有防范分段,尤其是下层兵卒,根本无需考虑此类问题。而当墙修在中原地带农耕文明区的平原上时,这种墙叫不叫‘长城’呢?很多人潜意识中从来没想过这种问题,同样未必考虑过泛中原地带的‘长城’的存在。

实际上,战国时代的各国都普遍地修筑过伫立在野外长长的墙,区别只在质量和规模长短。尤其是大国,越大的国家领土疆界越是广大,而农耕地产比重在国民经济泛农业生产概念中的比重远远超过牧业与渔猎的色彩,能够有效保护好农田正常耕种收获要比其它事都重要。所谓城墙,只能保护一城百姓,农田是很被难顾及到的。而长长的墙伫立在野外,性质便不同了:

‘长城’出现的第一目标是用来农田正常耕种与收获秩序。

民众的生命财产安全不被保护吗?首先要问贵族的、官吏的、士人的、百姓的还是罪囚的。前三者已经在具体城防更严密的城池中了,尤其是王与家人,还有皇宫的城墙予以保护呢后两者有行动能力时可以逃进山林河谷的树木草荡,没有的话只能自求多福。

而在战国之前,为什么长城为什么没有大规模、普遍性地出现呢?因为西周和春秋时代,庶民阶层有明显的国人和编制以外的野人区别,虽然都是某国民众,但野人与国家之间并不存在强制性地隶属关系,反而时时处在被全方位、多层次剥削的境遇中。这个时代的国人有资格逃进他们从属的都城和外地城邑中,但野人却无此可能,连入城都要受到限制:他们连被准确称呼为庶民都要受到质疑与嘲讽!

因为产权的高度分别与生活中无处不在的阶级界限感,所以世袭贵族们有 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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