正文 第48章 研制硫磺皂(请收藏、推荐)(第1页/共3页)
生石灰扔到水里,水迅速沸腾起来,水花四处飞溅,差点烫到秦睿,至于他的两个助手——秦兴武和刘曦,都中招了。
“大爷的,怎么把这茬给忘了!”秦睿边躲边骂道。
秦兴武和刘曦被水烫到之后,一脸郁闷,对秦睿这种不事先提醒他们的做法,感到十分无语。但是也没办法,谁让秦睿是老师呢。
“生石灰的化学名称叫做氧化钙,生石灰与水混合,生成不溶于水的氢氧化钙,这个过程会释放大量热量,煮熟鸡蛋都没问题。”秦睿边用小竹竿在水里搅拌,边给两位学生解释道。“用竹竿搅拌的目的,是为了让所有的生石灰发生反,这样就能得到纯度比较高的氢氧化钙。”
等待搅拌的差不多了,秦睿又抓了一把苏打加入到水中,水又浑浊了起来,秦睿继续用竹棍搅拌,这是准备制备氢氧化钠溶液。
“苏打,也叫纯碱,用在陶瓷釉生产中比较多,可以用小苏打加热制成……”秦睿继续边操作边解释,在几分钟后,一份清澈的氢氧化钠溶液备好了。
制备肥皂,主要是皂化反应的控制,没有任何技巧。你愿意用猪油就用猪油,你愿意用豆油就用豆油,菜籽油、橄榄油、芝麻油、葵花籽油都可以,因为动植物油的主要成分都是一样的,都是高级脂肪酸跟甘油生成的混合不饱和甘油酯,区别在于植物油的不饱和程度高,动物油的不饱和程度低。
剩下的事情就很简单了,将氢氧化钠溶液按照一定比例混合到一起,慢慢加热搅拌就可以了,秦睿决定让秦兴武上手,让他们锻炼一下动手能力。
结果,秦兴武起手第一件事就是拿了一个碗,准备去要舀氢氧化钠溶液,秦睿见状一个箭步,将秦兴武踹到在地上。
一面懵逼的秦兴武,躺在地上不知所措。
“跟你说了,烧碱溶液会腐蚀性,你还用手去舀,爪子不准备要了吗?”秦睿心道好险,一脸怒容。“刘曦,你来。”
刘曦年龄小,看到秦睿这么凶,哆哆嗦嗦的走上前去,拿起一个带柄的陶瓷舀子,舀了一勺慢慢地倒入油脂中,然后用舀子在里面搅拌。
接下去就是油多了加碱,碱多了加油的名场面,因为知道烧碱水的比例,只能采用这种笨办法。终于在搅拌一段时间后,秦睿发现逐渐变得浓稠起来,已经开始皂化了。秦睿就接手过来,,向皂液加了一些硫磺粉末,搅匀之后,用陶瓷舀了一点皂液,在皂液表面划了几条线,观察了皂液的变化。然后秦睿继续转动皂液,直到划线皂液愈合的速度很慢了,秦睿才停下。
这是制作肥皂的一个关键步骤,稠度不够就是油脂皂化不完全,做出来的肥皂太软;太稠了就会在没有入模具之前直接结块。
&nbs
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