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正文 宣公十论(第1页/共3页)



终宣公之世,鲁无效于晋,而晋亦若忘之。晋无忌于鲁,谓有俟焉可也。鲁不忌于晋,以逆得国,而犹莫之效,则其料晋之必忘,而因忘晋也甚矣。

故当宣之世,晋以失霸于山东。

齐桓之霸,鲁成之;宋襄之霸,鲁败之;鲁亦重矣。晋文之霸,非鲁成之;晋襄之继霸,则固深有求于鲁也。深有求于鲁,鲁亦不轻。失鲁而后齐张,齐张而与晋亢,则楚且乘齐而以为援,是晋尽丧东诸侯以渐授之楚也。

故鲁忘晋而东国离,宋乃益孤。晋之所与同好恶者,孤宋而已矣。《春秋》书晋人宋人伐郑,辽戾寒凉之色形矣。宋孤,则郑压之。《春秋》书宋师败绩,获宋华元,土崩瓦解之势形矣。之二形者,无霸之征也。

晋无鲁则无宋,无宋则固不能以有陈、郑,将争之于汝、颍,或掣之于济、泗。项羽之制于汉也,此而已矣。

迨其后,齐失鲁而后晋复张,乃以有鞍之捷,宋、鲁合而后晋复竞,乃以有鄢陵之胜。

《诗》云:“萚兮萚兮,风其吹女。叔兮伯兮,倡予和女。”莫之和则或吹之,何足以与立哉!



不虞之誉,或有自来。赵氏之得誉于晋,盾躬弑而犹曰宣孟之忠。彼亦有以致之也。盾之得政,晋师不出于山南者十三年。

迨夫楚人锐志北图,郑叛以应,聊整师以出,逍遥往复委宋于郑而不救,偿秦怨于崇而不力,若进若退,未尝有一矢之遗也。夫好逸而恶劳,安目前而忘远虑,民之情也。晋之初兴,未得诸侯,迨文、襄踵起,日戮力以勤天下,而民亦劳矣。盾固知其可市而戢兵以市之,故晋失霸而盾得晋,贾细人以呴沫之恩,收死士以自卫,而重用之于私斗。然则群晋之人,岂唯童心之夷皋是憎?

武、献、文、襄,咸视为虐我之仇而忘之矣。武师其智以建弭兵之策,天下之兵弭,晋弗弭也。晋兵弭于天下,赵氏之党,弗弭其兵于晋也。休养死士于私门,故以逐荀、范,灭智伯,沛然一因其力之有余,于是蔑周分晋,寝处燕颐,使韩、魏与齐匹立,而几以帝。

呜呼!盾之智,施及后世,如是其深也,则其视晋霸之失,如浮沤之散而不恤,又何怪乎!

夫赵氏市民,民争偿焉。然则民固可罔,而天下亦可以逆邀邪?曰:赵之市民,天理之逆也。

民之市于赵,天理之顺也。春秋之用兵亟而莫甚于晋,东难齐,西难秦,北难狄,南难楚。虽有可战之民,而困于四战,则汔可息肩而乐与之息肩。

民非怀赵,夫亦以自恤也;天非奖赵,姑亦以纾民也。治乱之数仍于不得已,而当其尤乱,猝无太康之望,则姑无问逆顺以纾民焉。此天之所不与圣人同忧也。

梁、陈涂炭而姑息肩于周、隋,宋靡金淫而姑息肩于蒙古。息肩者终不可息,夫然后治以开焉。故赵终亡于秦,而秦遽亡于汉,小逆而大顺,天岂爽哉!

呜呼,民之姑息肩也,生非固生,乐非固乐,以贼为忠,以异族为心腹,惠乍饵之毒,乍隐焉,未旋踵而棘生其目。“终鲜兄弟,谓他人父。谓他人父,亦莫我顾。”乃以悟所与者之非,不亦悲乎!



齐桓起,天下诸侯无自相战者。诸侯之复自相战,自大棘始。晋委郑于宋,宋无望于晋,不得已而与郑战。晋委郑于宋,郑无忌于晋,恃楚而与宋战。

晋置诸侯而君臣相图,楚斗中国以乘毙而收利,宋、郑不揣,贸贸而争,于是而天下之无霸稔矣。天下无霸则诸侯贸贸以争,故《春秋》之义,不得已而奖霸,霸之诚不可无也。

乃天下无霸,诸侯遂贸贸以争,则春秋诸侯其不足以自立久矣。贸贸以争,非徒背道而崇恶也,抑舍安而即危也。

故郑之战宋,郑之大惑也。郑既无晋,而犹可有宋。宋,郑之辅也。尽力以争于宋,覆其车,禽其将,以为楚效,而郑孤矣。

郑孤,则存亡之命,唯楚之志力是视,故日奔走于楚,而国卒破,牵羊肉袒之辱,郑不失宋,无此也。

宋之战郑,尤宋之大惑也。晋不能有宋,宋犹足自为国也。而为宋外屏者郑。郑北事晋而宋安;郑南役楚而犹不足为宋祸。

宋有获车俘将之大怨于郑,势成乎不可复合,故委郑之存亡于楚,楚乃以无忌于郑而席卷之。郑破未几,宋以易子食、析骸炊而受盟焉。郑不破,宋无此也。

天下即无晋,宋何不足以自立?天下苟无楚,郑将何挟以自逞?春秋诸侯,贸贸其如斯也。

失势而乱,得势而骄,力趋于亡,未或愒焉,其不滨于尽以归楚者,非霸其何恃焉?子曰:“管仲相桓公,霸诸侯,一匡天下,民到于今受其赐。”此之谓也。



晋灵弑之明年,晋侯伐郑,郑及晋平,自是而晋、楚之争陈、郑者九年,而楚终得之。盖赵盾之初,非不欲得陈、郑以自张也。灵公尸位十有四年,未尝一躬将而亲执牛耳。盾以内惎之情,浮沉以游天下,若将茹之,若将吐之,皆不力也。灵公死于其手,而后扶所弈置之黑臀以出,亟平郑,旋 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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