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正文 酒诰梓材(第1页/共2页)

承治者因之,承乱者革之,一定之论也。虽然,有病。所病者以愔愔之情继治而偷,以悻悻之心惩乱而诐也。何也?圣人之仁天下也无已,而不能不有待焉。

故以一日之治概之百年,而初终异理,必有以节宣焉。身可待,待之他日,身不可待,待之他人,而后各随时而协于中。

愔愔者曰:已治矣,毋庸革矣,而治者适以乱矣。暴君之贼天下也,不自一身而止,天下且化而相贼矣。上贼其下,下亦贼其上,上下交相贼,而暴君之所残杀亦有所不容已。悻悻者曰:上之贼下如此其毒也,革其道惟恐不速,而乱又承所革者而起矣。

明王之创制显庸,审乎此,而天下蒙其安。

舜之承尧,禹之承舜也,承治之极也,故曰“重华协于帝”,协云者,同而无乎异也。“率百官若帝之初”,若云者,顺而无或逆也。然而舜、禹之善承之也,不愔愔然一因其故而偷以安也。舜甫受终而四凶诛,二十二人升,异以求同也。禹方陟后而并十二州以九,易与贤以与子,逆以得顺也。夫乃以协以若而不忒。

商之革夏,周之革殷,承乱者也。故曰“爰革夏正”,革者,无所因也。“乃反商政”,反者,无所仍也。然而汤、武未尝疾胜国如仇仇,芟除其遗法而惟恐不尽,贸百姓眉睫之喜,夺之烈火而饮之冰,出之寒泉而附之炉也。则何也?承极重之势,非一朝之可挽也。

故夫纣之失民心者,民好生而死之,民生托于宽政而临之以猛也,威殚刑淫而天下之心以失。

夫然,将欲荡涤烦冤,肉其已白之骨而与之更始,必且置刑杀于不试,乃以妪孚天下而使即于康。

乃命康叔以保彼东郊,育其仅存之孑黎而诰之曰“刑兹无赦,速由兹义率杀”;又曰“尽执拘以归于周,予其杀”;又曰“肆往奸宄杀人历人宥,肆亦见厥君事,戕败人宥”,“曷以引养引恬”。〔解详《稗疏》。〕

呜呼!圣人岂忍于毒痡之余民哉?抑知脱烈火而引之冰,暍乃速毙;出寒泉而附之炉,肌以急裂也。

善医者有正治,有反治,有从治。徐燮其阴阳燥润之宜而导之和,非但抑火以栀、芩,温寒以薑、桂也。明王之善用其因革者,岂有一定之成法哉?利灾以见德者,贾竖居赢之术也。富有天下而贾竖,则贾竖矣。

矫枉而居功者,里胥搏奸之能也。贵为天子而里胥,则里胥矣。明王居崇高以配天理民,建百世之治,承治不委,承乱不激,日移斗倾而极星不动,烈日冻雨而青霄不改,天所不易,道莫之与易也。

若汉高之革秦也,约法三章,秦民怀之矣。而终治天下者,酇侯之法,五刑具焉。使率三章之简,以纵民之怙乱,一再传而乱民竞起,必且淫刑以救其弊,则前之悻悻革秦,利灾以见德者,罔民而 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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