正文 洪范二(第1页/共3页)
五行者何？行之为言也，用也。天之化，行乎人以“阴骘下民”，人资其用于天，而王者以行其政者也。
天之化，尽于五者乎？未然也。天之化，于五者统其同，于五者别其异乎？未然也。
阴阳、寒暑、燥湿、生杀，其用不可纪极；动植融结，殊形异质，不可殚悉；固不尽于五者也。金亦土也，炼之而始成；火隐于木也，钻之而始著；水凝为冰，则坚等于金；木腐为壤，则固均于土；不可别而异之也。极北坚冰而无水，大海淳流而无木，山之无金者万而有金者一，火则无人之区固无有也，不可统天壤之间而同之也。
天之生物也与其生人也，均之乎生；天之育物也与其育人也，均之乎育；故物之待生待育于天之化，亦犹之人也。而其生其育，五者有不行焉，则亦不资之以用。鱼不资乎土，蚓不资乎木，蠹鱼不资乎水，凡为鸟兽虫鱼者皆不资乎火与金，则五者之化不行于物，物亦不行焉。
夫物之以生以育不悉用夫五者，则其才其情其性，亦不备五者之神矣。故五行者不可以区天之化，不可以统物之同。天惟行于人，人惟用以行，盖人治之大者也。
其为人治之大者何？以厚生也，以利用也，以正德也。夫人一日而生于天地之间，则未有能离五者以为养者也，具五者而后其生也可厚；亦未有能舍五者而能有为者也，具五者而后其用也可利。此较然为人之所必用，而抑为人之所独用矣。
由其资以厚人之生，则取其精以养形，凝乎形而以成性者在是矣。成乎质者，才之所由生也；辅乎气者，情之所由发也；充气而生神者，性之所由定也。
而有生之初，受于天者，其刚柔融结之神，受于父母者亦取精用物之化也。得其粹则正，不足于一而枵，有余于一而溢，则不正。故王者节宣之，以赞天化而**之性，是德之由以正者，此五者也。
由其资以利人之用，则因其材以敦乎质，饰其美以昭乎文，推广其利以宣德，制用其机以建威，是礼、乐、刑、政之资也。而观其所以昭著，察其所以流行，感其所以茂盛，审其所以静凝，则考道者之效法存焉。
而慎用之以宜则正，淫用之以逞、吝用之以私者则不正。故王者谨司之以宰制化理而立人之义，是德之所由正者，此五者也。故大禹之《谟》云“六府惟修，〔谷即土之稼穑。〕三事惟和”，而统括之曰“九功”。功者，人所有事于天之化，非徒任诸天也。
今夫五者之行于天下也：天子富有而弘用之，而匹夫亦与有焉；圣人宰制而善成之，而愚不肖亦有事焉；四海之广，周遍而咸给焉，而一室之中亦不容缺也。
胥天下而储之曰“府”，人所致其修为曰“功”，待之以应万物万事于不匮曰“行”，王者所以成庶绩、养兆民曰“畴”。是则五行之为范也，
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