正文 舜典二(第1页/共2页)
“敬”以严乎己也，“宽”以恕乎物也。严乎己以立法，恕乎物以达情。《春秋》立法谨严而宅心忠恕，“敬敷五教在宽”之见诸行事者也。
夫司徒之教，五品而已，人之异于禽，华之异于夷，此也。禽偏而不全，夷略而不详，偏则亦有至焉矣，略则亦姑备焉矣。然则以五教求异于彼，覈其大全而致其精详，固不容于宽矣。易知简能而持以宽，无亦几微不审，名异禽狄，而实有同焉者乎！朱子曰“反之于严，矫之而后得其常”，职此谓也，而实有不然者。
五教者，礼之本也。礼者，刑之相与为出入者也。出乎礼，斯入乎刑矣。刑者，箝之使合，抑之使受也。不亲者岂箝之而亲，不逊者岂抑之而可使逊哉？
且夫人之敢于无礼于君亲者，非尽不畏清议而肆为之也。其始也，茌苒于货财妻子以生嫌隙；其既也，睽孤有鬼豕之疑，而不蒙遇雨之释。
操之已蹙，势重难反，则处无将之地，而见绝于贤人君子者，已无可湔洗之一日；于是以成不忠不孝之巨慝，君无所用其威，师无所用其戒，而帝王之教思亦穷。
是故夏楚之收，以施于弦诵之不率，而司徒之教，未闻挞子以使孝，扑弟以使顺也。夫人自有其父子、兄弟、夫妇、朋友之情，待教于人，然且不谨而又蒙刑罚，岂复有拂拭自新以立于人世之理哉？唐赐于公异以《孝经》，而公异落拓以终其身，况有加于此者乎？
若夫中人以上，所遇不幸，用意未至迷瞀，以乖于亲逊者，无以利导而予之安，则亦周章缠棘，自困于名教之地，救过不遑，而忠孝之心，抑不足油然以生。
是则严以教君子而阻其自然之爱敬，严以教小人而激其滔天之巨恶。通于古今，达于四海，咸以宽而成其涵泳熏陶之化。奈之何其欲“矫之以严”邪？
宋之立国，宽柔已过，驯至不竞，君子之所伤也。
然其所为弊者政也，非教也。教虽未纯乎先王之道法，而不以束湿待学校，俾得以宽衍之岁月，缉先王之坠绪，胡安定、孙明复倡之，浸昌浸明，底于濂、雒、关、闽之盛。“在宽”之效，亦可睹矣。
萧梁之世，戚近之臣，除丧初见而无毁容者，皆切责而废弃之。于是有含辛以为泪，及禫而节食者，罔上欺天，以避诽谪，而天真泯绝。
驯至其极，侯景一叛，父子兄弟相戕相灭，彝伦斩而国亦随亡。无他，弛敬于立教之身，而过严于物也。
故君子所甚严者法，故能养之孝，而下斥之犬马：所必宽者情，故闺门薉乱，而仅曰帷薄不修。惟其敬也，则亦重爱其名，而不忍以不亲不逊之大憝，加诸与同覆载之人群。借其不然，闺庭小有不谨，忮娼者翘之以相告讦，形迹可摘，证佐罔徵，蒋之奇以陷欧阳修，温体仁以杀郑鄤，毒流于搢绅
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