正文 第55章 永定河患(下)(第1页/共4页)
高务实静静地听着张津转述当年张四维的调查结果，心中对自己这位便宜大舅的志向和能力多了些了解，到此时才稍稍打断张津的话头：“防洪堤坝修了这么些年，有效果吗？或者说，效果如何？”
张津苦笑道：“效果倒是有的，至少本朝永定河水患出现得不如前元时那般频繁了。老爷对此做过详查，说前元享国九十八年，永定河水害二十二次，我大明至今已两百余年，永定河水害十五次，从这一点上来说，咱们的治理还是有效果的。”
“那你为何这般表情？”高务实见他一脸苦笑，问道：“让我猜猜……水害次数虽然看似少了些，但每次危害更大？”
“老爷说，麻烦出在历代治理永定河以筑堤为主，最后把整个永定河弄得改道了。”张津指着冰封的永定河，道：“老爷说了，商以前，永定河出山后经八宝山，向西北过昆明湖入清河，走北运河出海。其后约在西周时，主流从八宝山北南摆至紫竹院，过积水潭，沿坝河方向入北运河顺流达海。春秋至西汉间，永定河自积水潭向南，经北海、中海斜出内城，经由龙潭湖、萧太后河、凉水河入北运河。东汉至隋，永定河已移至北京城南，即由石景山南下到卢沟桥附近再向东，经马家堡和南苑之间，东南流经凉水河入北运河。唐以后，卢沟桥以下永定河分为两支：东南支仍走马家堡和南苑之间；南支开始是沿凤河流动，其后逐渐西摆，曾摆至小清河——白沟一线。自有南支以后，南支即成主流。”
改道高务实可以理解，但他有些不理解这个改道怎么就被张家主仆认为是出了麻烦，于是皱着眉头，问：“也就是说，如果没有石景山至卢沟桥间历代反复修筑的坚固堤防，永定河出三家店后向东流或向东北流，都是完全可能的？”
张津道：“是的，老爷查证过，说北宋端拱二年计划进兵讨伐被契丹占领的幽蓟诸州，时任吏部尚书宋琪提出建议：‘其桑乾河水属燕城北隅，绕西壁而转。大军如至城下，于燕丹陵东北横堰此水，灌入高梁河，高梁岸狭，桑水必溢。可于驻跸寺东引入郊亭淀，日弥漫百余里，即幽州隔在水南。’他认为，如果让宋军引永定河水绕幽州城北一圈，可将幽州与辽军隔开。老爷认为，从以上提及的地名位置来看，当时的桑干河应该是从石景山南向东流的，奔向燕城也即幽州西北角，然后南转绕城西墙外向南流去。这条河道也就是后来金代引永定河水济漕运所开凿的金口河的基础。直到金末，这条河流还是存在的。元至正二年中书参议孛罗帖木儿等提议再开金口河时，中书左丞相许有壬极力反对，他说：‘西山水势高峻，亡金时，在都城(即金中都)之北流入郊野，纵有冲决，为害亦轻。今则在都城西南，与昔不同。’由此可见，金末卢沟河是从中都城北往东流的。”
高务实听得微微有些皱眉，心里暗想：怎么修来修去都在上游？这样上流筑堤之后是稳了，但下游岂不是要遭？
高务实还没问出声
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