正文 第三十二章 中国区的形势（下）(第1页/共3页)
武、成、康三代，政治清明，是周的黄金时代。但到第四代天子周昭王时，就出现了危机。当时，王道微缺，周昭王贵为天子，南巡汉水时，却被船夫用特制的胶船暗算，葬身于鱼腹之中。周穆王继位后，为了恢复周王朝的威望，新设太仆一职，作为太御众仆之长，以加强王朝的中枢管理。他制定刑律，减轻刑罚，以加强对臣民的控制，施善政于天下。他西征犬戎，南摄夷人，对边远民族的侵扰进行积极的防御，制止了掠夺。穆王又曾东平徐偃王所率徐夷诸部的反叛，南讨楚国，大会诸侯于涂山。
周穆王以后，周朝逐渐衰微，周共王、周懿王、周孝王、周夷王四代，由于周围戎狭的不断侵扰，王朝陷入长期的战争之中，国力消耗很大，不得不加重对民众的剥削，国内矛盾日益尖锐。有的贵族也开始破产，从而表现出对现实的愤懑。
长期的矛盾逐渐积累，使王朝产生了深刻的危机。在这种情况下继位的周厉王，不仅不采取安抚民众、发展民生的措施，反而任用佞臣，大肆挥霍，连年对外征战，变本加厉地剥夺，垄断山泽之利，引起民众的不满和议论。他就派巫师监视，杀死议论的人，使矛盾更为尖锐。三年以后，愤怒的镐京居民终于发起暴动，将厉王流放到彘，由周公和召公共同执掌政权，这在混乱天下中国区的历史上称为”周召共和“。共和元年即游戏历前841年，中国区的历史从这一年开始有了明确而且连续不断的纪年。周厉王死后，他的儿子宣王整顿朝政，曾经使周王朝有所复兴。但到第十二代天子周幽王时，王朝的危机更为严重。关中地区发生地震、山崩和河水枯竭等严重自然灾害，周幽王不仅不抚恤灾民，反而更加奢侈腐化，贪得无厌。为了博得宠妃褒姒一笑，幽王举烽火欺骗诸侯前来勤王。最严重的问题是，幽王决定废去王后申氏，杀掉太子宜臼，另立褒姒为王后，立褒姒的儿子伯服为太子。申后的父亲申侯于是联合西方部族犬戎，举兵攻打周幽王，在骊山下杀死幽王，据走褒姒。幽王的儿子宜臼即位时，关中遭受兵火洗劫，残破不堪，犬戎又不时前来骚扰。周平王宜臼只得将都城迁到洛邑，史称“平王东迁”，东周从此开始。
周武王姬发分封姬姓宗室子弟和功臣为列国诸侯，为五等：公、侯、伯、子、男，其不及五等者均为附庸。其中姬姓子孙的封国最多，有53个，这也就是混乱天下里中国区封诸侯建同姓的“封建”的由来。周的统治者大封诸侯国，原意是为了加强对各地的统治。可也正因为这样东周才一开始，那些一些较大的诸侯国，为了争夺土地、人口以及对其他诸侯国的支配权，不断进行兼并战争。谁战胜了，谁就召开诸侯国会议，强迫大家公认他的“霸主”的地位。先后起来争当霸主的有：齐桓公、宋襄公、晋文公、秦穆公、楚庄王。混乱天下历史上把他们称为“春秋五霸”。其后经过漫长的征战，到战国时期主要诸侯国只有齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦等七国，号称“战国七雄”。直到游戏历前221年，秦始皇完成古中原的统一大业并建立了混乱天下里中国区历史上第一个统一的封建王朝。秦王嬴政建
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