正文 第十六章 关于杨镐(第1页/共2页)
写到这里作者插一个题外话，其实萨尔浒大战后世总喜欢把账算在杨镐的头上。其实作者认为这只是一小部分原因。我从三个方面简要分析:
第一，确实萨尔浒之战败北，杨镐的分进合击战略有着不可推卸的责任，这种战略也就能打打漠北马匪或者是蒙古游骑，因为这些人往往行踪不定，他们马速又快，很难抓到他们决战，所以明军围剿往往采取分兵的策略，数路人马同时出击，将这些敌人驱赶到指定战场加以消灭，杨镐开始也是打的这个算盘，把努尔哈赤的战力出众兵精粮足的后金军当成了马匪游骑，四路大军同时出击，将努尔哈赤的人马压缩到赫图阿拉，然后就地围歼。
可是他没想到的是努尔哈赤的八旗军可不是蒙古游骑能比的，这可是后来一统天下的超强军事集团。到了崇祯年间，斩清兵首级一颗就可以升一级，而打李自成张献忠之流，斩十颗首级都不能升一级，可见八旗军的强大。到了大明最后一段时间，斩杀几十个清兵就能称作是大捷了。
而大家也都知道，作为新兴的国家，特别是这种军民合一的国家，其凝聚力是非常可怕的，有点像今天的北朝鲜，可以说比北朝鲜还要团结，八旗兵一共有六万人马，努尔哈赤这个战略天才创造性的将兵力集中起来使用，创造了局部以多打少的局面，本来明军是想驱赶八旗军，却没想到被数倍于己方的敌人包围，全歼。
这跟党领导的解放战争有异曲同工之妙，在兵力不占优势的情况下，集中人马发动三大战役，分批消灭了国民党反动派的军队。这是杨镐总战略的失误。
第二，那就是党争的缘故，万历朝开始的党争是明朝灭亡的根源，士大夫与君主共天下，这本身没什么问题，可坏就坏在这帮党人身上，前期出了个三党和东林党之争，就是齐党，浙党，楚党合称三党，后面又蹦出个魏忠贤搞了个阉党出来和东林党又开始争，一直折腾到明朝灭亡，到南明小朝廷还是这帮人祸乱朝政，导致南明撑了二十年就灭了，否则按照最初的设想，南明完全有可能成为第二个南宋的，可以和清朝划江而治。
这些党派纷争带来的恶果是，这些人只顾党派和个人私利，不顾国家死活，为了反对而反对，崇祯朝每年税银不过三百万辆，李自成进北京之后搜到的皇家库银不过区区十三万两，没想到拷饷的时候随便查抄一个大臣，哪个家里不是数十万两白银。
国家的财富都被这些士人给掠夺去了，他们还不交税，朝廷的军费从哪里来，那只能从农民头上来，结果形成了恶性循环，打仗，征税，农民造反，镇压又要打仗，又要征税筹措军费，然后更多农民造反，一直把大明朝耗尽灭亡。
而这些党人又在干什么呢？李自成杀过来崇祯不是没想过南迁，结果光时亨和一帮党人跳出来又是祖制，又是之乎者也，硬要崇祯留守，连太子也不准派到南京，结果光时亨自己转身就投了李自成。还有钱谦益
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