正文 第二十二章：竞赛的危险(第1页/共3页)
例行检查过后，徐川进入考场，拿到了试卷。
桌上的摆放的仪器让他猜到了这次考试的大致内容，拾起洁白的试卷一看，果然和他预估的差不多。
“全国中学生物理竞赛实验考试试题。”
试题一：测试同轴电缆的等效电路参数。
引言：在普通电路中，当电流或电压信号的频率较低时，电信号基本上是沿着导线回路传输的。
如果信号频率高达几百khz以上，即是所谓的射频信号，普通导线就会像天线一样向空间发射电磁波，因而不能成为电信号传输的有效通道。
为了传输射频信号，通常采用一类特殊结构的传输线，如同轴电缆，使用时，一端接信号源，另一端接负载
本实验用不同的方法测量同一根均匀同轴电缆的多个特征参数。忽略同轴电缆的损耗。所有结果都不评估不确定度。
实验装置长度为500米的待测同轴电缆、信号源（内阻为r0，可以产生不同频率、不同波形的信号、交流电压表可以测量交流电压的有效值）两台、双通道数字示波器、电阻、导线等。
实验内容:
a用低频正弦信号测量同轴电缆的等效电容与等效电感（8分）
当正弦信号的频率??很低、波长远大于待测同轴电缆的长度时，待测同轴电缆可近似用图2所示电路等效，其中c?、l?分别是低频条件下整条待测同轴电缆的等效电容和等效电感，且满足以下关系：
12π??c?2π??l?
b用脉冲方波信号测量同轴电缆的特征阻抗、波速、单位长度的等效电容和等效电感（32分）
（1）当信号频率较高、波长接近或远小于同轴电缆的长度时，流过中心导体的电流和内外导体间的电压沿电缆呈现波动性变化。如果将同轴电缆分成若干小段，使得每一小段的长度ax
（2）特征阻抗是同轴电缆的一个基本参数。如果将两根特征阻抗分别为z。和z?的同轴电缆连接在一起，如图4a所示，则在连接两者的界面上会发生透射和反射。设输入信号通过特征阻抗为z。的同轴电缆到达界面处的电压为v
一道题目，两组实验，三个内容。
徐川花费了几分钟的时间将题目完整的浏览了一遍。
相比较笔试来说，实验题其实并没有太多的新意，无非就是电流、光学、声波、磁场这些高中物理的内容。
和顶尖物理相比，高中物理能留给学生做的实验并不是很多。
&nb
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