正文 第一节 甘粕右卫门(第1页/共3页)
“老师，您刚才讲的我不是很明白，这些树都不能吃，为什么种它们反倒比种大米能养活更多的人呢？”课堂上甘粕右卫门操着结结巴巴的普通话问道。
项天鹰扶了扶眼镜：“米泽的气候比较寒冷，并不适合水稻的生长，就算把所有的土地都种上水稻，还是产不出多少米。种桑树可以养蚕，种楮树可以造纸，种漆树可以做漆器，种麻可以造布匹，种靛青可以造染料。在日本一石二斗米才能换一两黄金，可如果把楮树的树皮做成纸，再画成浮世绘，只要一百枚就能换一两黄金，这样的话，生产浮世绘来卖钱换米不是比直接种水稻简单得多吗？而且楮树的叶子还可以用来喂猪，果实和汁液可以入药，只要利用好了，浑身都是宝。当年的谦信公的一个重要财源就是青苧，青苧不能吃，但是可以用来织麻布，而且做出来的衣服并不贵，很多平民百姓也买得起，所以很多商人都到上杉家来买青苧，商人多了，税收就多了，国家就有钱了。”
甘粕右卫门点了点头：“那为什么主公不种这些……经济作物呢？我听说景胜公在世的时候，直江大人在米泽种了很多桑树、漆树和楮树，可是后来就不种了。”
经济作物虽然效益比粮食高得多，但是风险性因素也大得多。旧时空大量的农业中的大量骗局几乎都是利用农民对经济作物的特性不了解来行骗的。经济作物投入大，大多需要特殊的生长环境或者种植条件；其次受市场波动的影响很大。粮食的价格，除非遇到灾害或者剧烈的通货膨胀，否则价格的变化是平稳的。经济作物可就不一样了，贵得时候卖到几百几千，贱得时候只能当肥料和柴火。
项天鹰组织了下语言说道：“这有三个原因。第一，你看在高雄这里，天地会有各种各样的技术，不论种什么，都能既省力产量又高，可是米泽没有这些技术，种植经济作物就很难有好收成；第二，米泽缺少良好的道路和船只，也不掌握产品的销售网络。做出来的纸、生丝、漆器、麻布、染料自己运不出去，只能依靠往来的商人。既然你没有自己的销售渠道，你就没有选择权，只能按照商人的价格低价出售；而商人贩运来得米价格高，所以百姓还是缺粮；第三，就是种植经济作物需要本钱，可是幕府不断给上杉家安排各种普请任务，又是修江户石垣，又是修寺庙，一分钱也攒不下来。上杉家只能向商人借高利贷，高利贷越滚越多，最后变得永远也还不完，百姓辛辛苦苦一年，种出来的米还不够利息。”
“这么说来，都是商人坏了事？！”
“也不能这么说。”项天鹰想了想，“商人其实非常重要，虽然他们不事生产，但是流通四方货物，移多补缺，对经济来说是不可或缺的。但是，你不能指望商人讲良心，毕竟他们拿出自己的本钱来行商，千里迢迢，冒着巨大的风险－－比如到你们藩，海路不但有风暴，还会遇到水军盗贼，出了事，不仅是没了钱货这么简单，连自己的性命都保不住。所以他不可避免的要追求最高的利润。何况，
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